Table 3.
Impact of oral hygiene and dental care on head ane neck cancer risk according to subsites and study center
|
Oral cavity and Oropharynx
|
Hypopharynx and Larynx
|
Unspecified or Overlapping
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | OR** | 95% CI | OR** | 95% CI | OR** | 95% CI |
| Frequency of teeth cleaning | ||||||
| >1 time/day | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| ≤1 time/day | 1.49 | 1.11-1.99 | 0.66 | 0.42-1.05 | 1.14 | 0.80-1.64 |
| Number of missing teeth | ||||||
| <5 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| ≥5 | 1.83 | 1.27-2.64 | 1.30 | 0.74-2.27 | 1.35 | 0.84-2.18 |
| Denture use | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Yes | 1.34 | 0.94-1.91 | 1.12 | 0.62-2.02 | 1.35 | 0.83-2.17 |
| Frequency of dental visits | ||||||
| ≥1 time/year | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| 1 time/2-4 years | 2.13 | 1.21-3.74 | 1.06 | 0.34-3.28 | 1.68 | 0.89-3.18 |
| 1 time/≥5 years | 1.75 | 1.03-2.97 | 2.82 | 1.19-6.70 | 2.45 | 1.38-4.33 |
| Never | 3.68 | 2.24-6.05 | 6.42 | 2.77-14.88 | 4.34 | 2.43-7.76 |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Oral hygiene score (best to worst oral hygiene) | ||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| 1 | 1.79 | 1.14-2.82 | 4.96 | 2.19-11.25 | 2.48 | 1.52-4.02 |
| 2 | 2.29 | 1.44-3.63 | 2.65 | 1.14-6.14 | 1.94 | 1.13-3.33 |
| ≥3 | 6.30 | 3.51-11.29 | 6.23 | 2.30-16.90 | 5.06 | 2.43-10.54 |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | 0.106 | <0.001 | |||
Abbreviation; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
*
Oral hygiene score is the sum of the four following variables: frequency of teeth cleaning: >1 time/day=0, ≤1 time/day=1; number of missing teeth: ‘<5’=0, ‘≥5’=1; denture use: no=0, yes=1; regular dental visits: yes=0, no=1.
**
Adjusted by age, sex, cigarette smoking intensity, cigarette smoking duration, betel quid chewing intensity, betel quid chewing duration, drinking intensity, drinking duration, body mass index, study center, ethnicity, education level. Betel quid chewing intensity and betel quid chewing duration was not adjusted in hypopharynx and larynx.