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PPVY saponins activate the DNA damage response pathway. A γ-H2AX expression is significantly up-regulated in PPVY saponin-treated BC cells. HT1197 and J82 cells were treated with PPVY saponins for 24 hours and then analyzed for γ-H2AX using immunoblotting. (B and C) 53BP1 focal formation in PPVY saponin-treated BC cells. HT1197 (B) and J82 (C) cells were treated with PPVY saponins for 24 hours and then analyzed for 53BP1 foci using immunofluorescent staining.
