Table 1.
Patient demographics and lung function
| Characteristics | AHR − NS (n=24) | AHR − S (n=13) | AHR + S (n=20) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 42.0±3.2 | 49.8±4.5 | 36.0±3.4 | 0.107 |
| Male/female | 6/18 | 7/6 | 11/9 | 0.083a |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.2±0.9 | 26.1±1.5 | 24.2±1.2 | 0.324 |
| Blood eosinophil (%) | 2.5±0.8 | 1.5±0.5 | 5.5±2.2 | 0.374 |
| Total IgE (IU/mL) | 104.1±25.1 | 255.3±78.4 | 356.7±124.8 | 0.136 |
| Smoking history (pack-years) | – | 31.1±2.7 | 27.6±2.3 | 0.215b |
| Remain smoking at year 5 | – | 10 | 16 | 0.833a |
| Spirometry | ||||
| FEV1/FVC (%) | ||||
| Year 0 | 87.8±1.1 | 86.1±0.8 | 83.7±1.4* | 0.034 |
| Year 5 | 86.5±1.0 | 83.0±1.3$ | 75.1±2.2***,$$$ | 0.0002 |
| FEV1%pred | ||||
| Year 0 | 98.9±2.3 | 96.8±3.4 | 87.7±2.5* | 0.013 |
| Year 5 | 98.6±2.7 | 98.1±3.8 | 72.7±4.8****,##,$$ | ,0.0001 |
| FVC%pred | ||||
| Year 0 | 98.5±2.1 | 94.9±2.9 | 93.9±2.0 | 0.356 |
| Year 5 | 98.0±2.4 | 97.1±4.0 | 83.9±4.8*,$ | 0.0111 |
| MMEF%pred | ||||
| Year 0 | 92.1±5.9 | 90.5±5.1 | 66.8±7.5#,* | 0.004 |
| Year 5 | 97.9±5.5 | 91.9±4.1 | 59.8±7.8**,#,$ | 0.0011 |
Notes: Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. AHR−NS, nonsmokers without AHR; AHR−S, smokers without AHR; AHR+S, smokers with AHR.
*
P<0.05 versus AHR−NS.
**
P<0.01 versus AHR−NS.
***
P<0.001 versus AHR−NS.
****
P<0.0001 versus AHR−NS.
#
P<0.05 versus AHR−S.
##
P<0.01 versus AHR−S.
$
P<0.05 versus lung function at Year 0.
$$
P<0.01 versus lung function at Year 0.
$$$
P<0.0001 versus lung function at Year 0;
a
Determined by Mann-Whitney test.
b
Determined by Chi-Square test.
Abbreviations: AHR, airway hyperresponsiveness; IgE, immunoglobulin E; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; MMEF, maximal mid-expiratory flow; %pred, percentage of the predicted value.