Table 4. The numbers of neovascularization and macrophage infiltrate in the herniated disc (n = 60).

	CD34 (+)	p value	CD68 (+)	p value
Age (years)
<50 (n = 26)	13.74 ± 3.87		15.48 ± 3.82
≥50 (n = 34)	14.52 ± 3.43	0.411	17.34 ± 3.57	0.056
Herniation type
TE (n = 41)	12.68 ± 3.57		16.88 ± 3.72
S (n = 19)	14.34 ± 3.28	0.102	16.16 ± 3.41	0.437
Disease duration (weeks)
9–12 (n = 40)	12.55 ± 3.34		15.13 ± 3.83
13–16 (n = 20)	14.34 ± 3.96	0.071	17.16 ± 3.54	0.052
Modic changes
+ (n = 23)	12.74 ± 3.55		14.68 ± 3.29
− (n = 37)	14.62 ± 3.67	0.06	16.97 ± 3.97	0.019
Cartilaginous endplate
+ (n = 25)	8.24 ± 3.36		9.32 ± 3.29
− (n = 35)	16.26 ± 3.67	< 0.001*	19.82 ± 3.67	<0.001*

mean ± SD.

TE; transligamentous extrusion, S; sequestration.

*Statistically significant (with Bonferroni correction, significance is set at p < 0.005).