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. 2018 Apr 17;13(4):e0195683. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195683

Table 2. General characteristics of the included studies.

Study ID Authors Year Country Population characteristics Cancer type Periodontal assessment
#1 Arora et al. 2010 Sweden 55% female; Twins from Swedish Twin Registry (n = 15,333) Any cancer; Digestive tract; Colorectal; Pancreas; Stomach; Bladder; Prostate; Breast; Corpus Uteri; Lung Self-assessed in 1963 through a questionnaire: “Have you noticed that some of your own teeth have come loose or fallen out on their own?”
#2 Eliot et al. 2013 USA Nine medical facilities in the Boston (USA) area (n = 1,080) Oral cavity; Pharynx; Larynx Self-assessed and self-reported
#3 Mai et al. 2014 USA Womens’s Health Initiative Observational Study; Postmenopausal women; Mean age 48.3 years; (n = 93,676) Lung Self-assessed asking the question: “Has a dentist or dental hygienist ever told you that you had periodontal or gum disease?” [42]
Freudenheim et al. 2015 Breast
#4 Michaud et al. 2007 USA Health Professionals Follow-up Study (57.6% dentists) (n = 51,529) Pancreas Self-assessed asking the question: “Have you had periodontal disease with bone loss?” [43, 44]
Michaud et al. 2008 Any cancer; Lung; Oropharynx; Esophagus; Stomach; Pancreas; Colon-Rectus; Kidney; Bladder; Prostate; Hematopoietic; Brain; Melanoma
Michaud et al. 2016 Any cancer; Prostate; Colon-Rectus; Melanoma; Bladder; Lung; Kidney; Esophagus and oropharynx; Pancreas
Bertrand et al. 2017 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
#5 Momen-Heravi et al. 2017 USA Nurses’ Health Study (n = 77,443) Colorectal cancer Self-reported asking the question “Have you had periodontal bone loss diagnosed by a physician?”
#6 Mazul et al. 2017 USA Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Study (n = 492) Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma History of “gum disease diagnosed by a dentist”