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. 2018 Feb 2;50(2):e436. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.273

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Hepcidin regulation in cancer tissue. Hepcidin in cancer tissue is produced by local tumor cells and liver. Hepcidin overexpression in tumor tissue is related to different bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) molecules (such as BMP7) as well as to inflammatory stimuli, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Studies suggest the existence of new regulators of hepcidin in cancer tissue such as sclerostin domain-containing protein 1 (SOSTDC1) (which is downregulated in cancer through epigenetic silencing) and the Wnt pathway (which is upregulated in cancer). Increased hepcidin in the tumor milieu induces iron sequestration in tumor cells through its actions on ferroportin (FPN). Hepcidin increase is accompanied by tumor transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) upregulation, which increases iron supply into tumor cells. Increased iron depots in tumor cells help them survive and proliferate.