Table 2.

Outstanding questions.

1)	Does rewiring contribute to changes in neural firing in the brain?
	This could be addressed by studying the firing of neurons longitudinally within a neural circuit in combination with following the structure of the connections between the neurons in the neural circuit over the same time period.
2)	Is rewiring necessary or sufficient for any form of learning?
	Experiments to address this could involve studying the consequences for learning when rewiring is prevented or induced.
3)	How do connections rewire?
	We know a great deal about how new connections are formed (Albieri et al., 2015; Knott et al., 2006). We know far less about how the loss of entire connections is co-ordinated (Barnes et al., 2015).
4)	Can rewiring be harnessed to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders?
	Further work needs to be done to establish the role of abnormal brain wiring in psychiatric and neurological diseases. The mechanisms that regulate rewiring will need to be understood if rewiring-based therapeutic interventions are to be developed and the risk of side effects mitigated.