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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Surgery. 2017 Dec 27;163(4):819–826. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2017.10.050

Figure 2. Proposed mechanisms of TIC.

Figure 2

Trauma induces a plethora of biochemical and physiologic changes, including activation of both procoagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms. Several, non-mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed as the underlying etiology of TIC, but causative mechanisms are currently unclear. Additionally, the relationship between laboratory-based evidence of TIC, upon which most research efforts are based, and clinically-evident coagulopathic bleeding has not been adequately investigated. TIC, trauma-induced coagulopathy; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; APC, activated protein C; EGL, endothelial glycocalyx layer. Reproduced from Blood 2016;128(8):1043–9. Used with permission.