Fig. 1.

Effect of different hormones and abiotic stress treatments on expression of TaVAP gene in the roots and shoots of 10-day-old seedlings of T. aestivum. The changes in transcript were studied by real-time PCR. The relative mRNA levels of TaVAP were computed with respect to the internal standards viz.; actin (ACTIN), ribosylation factor (ADP), and RNase L inhibitor (RLI). Control plants were maintained at 22 ± 1 °C and irrigated with autoclaved double distilled water. The data represent the mean ± S.E. of three independent experiments. The data presented represent fold change with respect to the control, whose value is 1. HS heat stress, BR brassinosteroid, SA salicylic acid, OS osmotic stress, ABA abscisic acid, SS salt stress, CS cold stress