Table 2.
Diagnostic performances of the lung ultrasound findings
| Lung ultrasound sign | PJP+ n (%) |
PJP− n (%) |
p-value | Se (95% CI) |
Sp (95% CI) |
PPV (95% CI) |
NPV (95% CI) |
LR+ (95% CI) |
LR− (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B-lines (> 2 per view) no B-lines in the scan | 14 (100%) | 6 (60%) |
0.0198 | 100% (76.84–100) |
45.45% (16.75–76.62) |
70% (57.64–80.01) |
100% – |
1.83 (1.07–3.14) |
0.00 – |
| Pleural effusion | 0 (0%)a |
5 (50%) |
0.0059 | 0.00% (0.00–23.16) |
50.00% (18.71–81.29) |
0.00% – |
26.32% (16.12–39.90) |
0.00 – |
2.00 (1.08–3.27) |
| Pneumothorax | 4 (28.5%) |
1 (10%) |
0.3577 | 40.00% (12.16–73.76) |
90.00% (55.50–99.75) |
80.00% (34.93–96.75) |
60.00% (46.48–72.15) |
4.00 (0.54–29.81) |
0.67 (0.39–1.15) |
| Subpleural consolidation | 14 (100%) | 4 (40%) |
0.0016 | 100% (76.84–100) |
60.00% (16.24–87.84) |
77.78% (62.10–88.20) |
100% – |
2.50 (1.17–5.34) |
0.00 – |
| Lung consolidation, any lung consolidations with “cystic” changes at the pulmonary basis | 8 (57.1%) |
5 (50%) |
1.0000 | 57.14% (28.86–82.34) |
50.00% (18.71–81.29) |
61.54% (42.60–77.52) |
45.45% (25.95–66.46) |
1.14 (0.53–2.46) |
0.86 (0.36–2.04) |
| Lung consolidation with air bronchogram | 0 (0%) |
4 (40%) |
0.0198 | 0.00% (0.00–23.16) |
60.00% (26.24–87.84) |
0.00% – |
30.00% (20.53–41.55) |
0.00 – |
1.67 (1.00–2.76) |
| Lung consolidation with cystic pattern | 8 (57.1%) |
0 (0%) |
0.0019 | 57.14% (28.86–82.34) |
100% (69.15–100) |
100% – |
62.50 (47.65–75.32) |
– | 0.43 0.23–0.78 |
PJP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; Se, sensitivity; Sp, specificity; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR−, negative likelihood ratio; CI, confidence interval
aOne patient developed bilateral pleural effusion later during the stay in the Intensive Care Unit