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. 2018 Apr 17;9:1507. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03945-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Evolution of the ocean heat content and upper ocean current for the short duration and long duration El Niño events. Composite anomalies of mean upper ocean (5–100 m) temperature (shading, units: K) and currents (vectors, units: m s^–1) from SODA reanalysis dataset for a September(0)–November(0), b December(0)–February(1), c March(1)–May(1), and d July(1)–November(1) during short duration El Niño events. e–h as in a–d, but for long duration El Niño events. (0) and (1) indicate the months in El Niño developing and decaying years, respectively. Black boxes indicate the South China Sea and the Western Philippine Sea region. The stippled areas indicate the values are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. The vectors only show the currents anomalies exceeding the 95% confidence level