Table 1.
Demographic and clinical features of study participants at baseline
| Measures | Bipolar disorder (N = 22) | Control (N = 16) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age (years) | 33.64 | 13.60 | 41.62 | 12.25 |
| Education (years)** | 13.00 | 2.11 | 16.0 | 2.90 |
| MADRS***a | 16.82 | 9.07 | 1.19 | 2.51 |
| YMRS***b | 17.54 | 7.23 | 0.62 | 1.36 |
| Episode duration (weeks) | 20.41 | 20.02 | ||
| N | % | N | % | |
| Female* | 18 | 81.82 | 8 | 50.00 |
| Manic/hypomanic | 19 | 86.36 | ||
| Depressed | 15 | 68.18 | ||
| Mixed | 12 | 54.54 | ||
| Smoking (past) | 5 | 23.64 | 4 | 22.50 |
| Psychotropic (past)*** | 9 | 39.09 | 0 | 0.00 |
SD standard deviation, % percent proportion
* P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001
aMADRS range = 2–35; median (interquartile range) = 18 (10–22)
bYMRS range = 5–29; median (interquartile range) = 18.5 (15–23)