Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients admitted to hospital wards.
| Patients without ADRs No. 4,370 (%) | Patients with ADRs during hospital stay No. 153 (%) | p-value1 | Patients hospitalized due to ADRs No. 296 (%) | p-value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Females | 2,189 (50.1) | 89 (58.2) | 0.049 | 188 (63.5) | <0.001 |
| Males | 2,181 (49.9) | 64 (41.8) | 108 (36.5) | ||
| F/M ratio | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.7 | ||
| Age median (Q1–Q3) | 78.0 (65.0–84.0) | 77.0 (64.0–84.0) | 0.495 | 78.0 (68.0–85.0) | 0.169 |
| Age group | |||||
| <65 | 1,074 (24.6) | 39 (25.5) | 60 (20.3) | ||
| 65–78 | 1,228 (28.1) | 47 (30.7) | 89 (30.1) | ||
| 79–84 | 1,010 (23.1) | 31 (20.3) | 71 (24.0) | ||
| >84 | 1,058 (24.2) | 36 (23.5) | 76 (25.7) | ||
| Most frequent comorbidities | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1,122 (25.7) | 43 (28.1) | 0.499 | 91 (30.7) | 0.054 |
| Hypertension | 964 (22.1) | 48 (31.4) | 0.007 | 90 (30.4) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 796 (18.2) | 30 (19.6) | 0.661 | 39 (13.2) | 0.029 |
| Congestive cardiac failure | 653 (14.9) | 19 (12.4) | 0.388 | 37 (12.5) | 0.252 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 336 (7.7) | 11 (7.2) | 0.820 | 33 (11.1) | 0.033 |
| Arrhythmia | 364 (8.3) | 15 (9.8) | 0.518 | 40 (13.5) | 0.002 |
| Renal diseases | 622 (14.2) | 22 (14.4) | 0.060 | 66 (22.3) | <0.001 |
| Liver diseases | 375 (8.6) | 12 (7.8) | 0.748 | 17 (5.7) | 0.088 |
| Dementia | 191 (4.4) | 2 (1.3) | 0.065 | 15 (5.1) | 0.572 |
| Charlson score, median (Q1–Q3) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.856 | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.105 |
| No. drugs taken at admission, median (Q1–Q3) | 4.0 (1.0–7.0) | 5.0 (1.5–9.0) | 0.002 | 6.0 (3.2–9.0) | <0.001 |
| No. drugs taken at admission | |||||
| <4 | 2,325 (53.2) | 67 (43.8) | 103 (34.8) | ||
| 5–9 | 1,691 (38.7) | 60 (39.2) | 139 (47.0) | ||
| ≥10 | 354 (8.1) | 26 (17.0) | 54 (18.2) | ||
| LOS (days), median (Q1–Q3) | 9.0 (6.0-13.0) | 12.0 (8.0–17.0) | <0.001 | 9.0 (6.0–12.0) | 0.113 |
ADRs, adverse drug reactions; LOS, length of stay; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1Patients with ADRs during hospital stay vs. patients without ADRs. 2Patients hospitalized due to ADRs vs. patients without ADRs.