Figure 2.
Results of finite-element analysis under an anterior bite simulation (loading via muscle force scaled to volume2/3, restraints applied to incisors and canines) for 10 recent (a–j) and one Pleistocene (k) modern human, as well as H. heidelbergensis (l), and three H. neanderthalensis (m–o). Number of elements for each models also given for: (a) Khoe-San female, 1 571 213, (b) Caucasian male, 1 602 686, (c) European female, 1 651 738, (d) Chinese male, 1 593 342, (e) Malay female, 1 608 934, (f) Inuit male, 1 625 463, (g) Inuit female, 1 700 708, (h) Pacific Islander male, 1 701 642, (i) Peruvian female, 1 619 268, (j) European male, 1 651 945, (k) Mladeč 1, 1 724 664, (l) Broken Hill 1, 1 611 994, (m) La Ferrassie 1, 1 618 373, (n) La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1, 1 625 022, and (o) Gibraltar 1, 1 609 723.