Table 1.
Selected socio-economic characteristics by monthly per capita consumption expenditure quintiles for hospitalised older population in India, NSS 1995–96, NSS 2004 and NSS 2014.
| Poorest | Poor | Middle | Rich | Richest | All | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSS 1995–96 | ||||||
| Female (%) | 38.0 | 43.3 | 35.3 | 44.3 | 38.9 | 40.2 |
| Illiterate (%) | 76.1 | 65.1 | 65.8 | 55.1 | 42.2 | 54.9 |
| Rural (%) | 79.6 | 82.1 | 76.1 | 73.1 | 53.0 | 67.7 |
| Less developed statesa (%) | 32.4 | 28.0 | 27.2 | 24.0 | 20.5 | 24.4 |
| Hospitalised for NCDsb (%) | 58.2 | 48.7 | 54.5 | 62.4 | 64.7 | 60.1 |
| Used private hospital (%) | 39.7 | 46.3 | 52.8 | 50.6 | 74.8 | 58.5 |
| Mean annual OOPP (US$) per hospitalised person (SD) | 40 (76) | 40 (46) | 100 (112) | 118 (131) | 328 (488) | 179 (334) |
| Mean annual household consumption expenditure (US$) per capita (SD) | 180 (31) | 248 (15) | 307 (20) | 388 (31) | 712 (348) | 463 (294) |
| Hospitalised (%) | 1.6 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 7.7 | 3.8 |
| NSS 2004 | ||||||
| Female (%) | 42.3 | 41.0 | 45.5 | 44.1 | 46.7 | 44.5 |
| Illiterate (%) | 77.3 | 63.3 | 61.4 | 50.6 | 28.7 | 51.0 |
| Rural (%) | 91.1 | 85.8 | 80.0 | 65.8 | 38.8 | 66.1 |
| Less developed statesa (%) | 30.6 | 33.6 | 28.1 | 25.5 | 19.5 | 25.9 |
| Hospitalised for NCDsb (%) | 71.9 | 68.2 | 68.6 | 67.1 | 76.1 | 71.1 |
| Used private hospital (%) | 39.9 | 52.8 | 60.4 | 65.1 | 78.1 | 63.1 |
| Mean annual OOPP (US$) per hospitalised person (SD) | 110 (210) | 150 (257) | 177 (323) | 248 (464) | 477 (1,157) | 276 (730) |
| Mean annual household consumption expenditure (US$) per capita (SD) | 163 (31) | 237 (17) | 302 (20) | 397 (36) | 816 (537) | 459 (398) |
| Hospitalised (%) | 3.8 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 7.2 | 9.8 | 6.1 |
| NSS 2014 | ||||||
| Female (%) | 54.0 | 50.3 | 49.9 | 45.2 | 50.5 | 49.8 |
| Illiterate (%) | 71.7 | 67.3 | 63.5 | 45.6 | 28.5 | 49.8 |
| Rural (%) | 83.4 | 78.1 | 75.3 | 62.5 | 38.7 | 61.9 |
| Less developed statesa (%) | 53.6 | 39.8 | 31.2 | 27.8 | 20.4 | 31.2 |
| Hospitalised for NCDsb (%) | 80.7 | 78.1 | 75.5 | 80.2 | 86.1 | 81.1 |
| Used private hospital (%) | 42.2 | 52.5 | 63.6 | 66.5 | 81.0 | 65.5 |
| Mean annual OOP payment (US$) per hospitalised person (SD) | 186 (354) | 180 (430) | 254 (437) | 371 (714) | 779 (1,454) | 435 (979) |
| Mean annual household consumption expenditure (US$) per capita (SD) | 224 (47) | 331 (26) | 425 (30) | 566 (54) | 1,199 (734) | 674 (578) |
| Hospitalised (%) | 4.9 | 6.2 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 12.3 | 8.0 |
a
Includes eight empowered action group states (Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Odisha and Rajasthan), 8 north-eastern states (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura), Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.
b
Based on Global Burden of Disease (2013) classification; NSS: National Sample Survey; NCDs: Non-communicable diseases and injuries; OOPP: Out-of-pocket payments; SD: Standard deviation.