Figure 4.

Effects of Ca²⁺ on sperm motility and hyperactivation. Rates of motile spermatozoa (a) and hyperactivated spermatozoa (b). Values are means ± standard deviation. Vehicle (), 20 ng/mL P (P, ), modified Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (mTALP) without Ca²⁺ and with added 1 mmol/L ethyleneglycol bis(2‐aminoethyl ether)tetraacetic acid (EGTA) + 0.1% EtOH (Ca²⁺(–), ), mTALP without Ca²⁺ and with added 20 ng/mL P + 1 mmol/L EGTA + 0.1% EtOH (Ca²⁺(–) and P, ). ^aSignificantly different from vehicle (P < 0.01); ^bsignificantly different from P (P < 0.01); ^csignificantly different from vehicle (P < 0.05); ^dsignificantly different from P (P < 0.05). Experiments were carried out four times using four hamsters.