Figure 5.

Kuromanin treatment and genes expression in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐infected monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). Cells were infected with RSV [multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1] for 2 hr. Where indicated, some samples were pretreated with kuromanin (100 μ m) for 20 min. Mock‐infected cells were added as control. After infection, cells were washed, incubated in fresh medium and, where indicated, kuromanin was re‐added. At the indicated time‐points, total RNA was extracted and kinetics of mRNA expression for all genes analysed was evaluated by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR). The mRNA transcripts were normalized with respect to the endogenous reference (human β‐actin) sample. Data were expressed as fold increase versus mock‐treated cells at 4 hr and are the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of five experiments. For all, statistical significance was determined using a two‐tailed, unpaired Student's t‐test (*P < 0·05, **P < 0·01).