Table 2.

Functional ingredients of barley grass for therapeutic chronic disease.

Number	Chronic disease	Functional ingredients	References
1	Promote sleep	GABA, Ca, K, tryptophan, vitamin C	[70, 71, 137]
2	Antidiabetes	Saponarin; dietary fiber, Ca; AMP-activated protein kinase, polyamines; GABA; SOD	[74, 75, 78, 79, 138, 139]
3	Regulating blood pressure	Saponarin; lutonarin, K, Ca; GABA	[12, 81, 82, 140, 141]
4	Enhance immunity	Arabinoxylan; polysaccharide; GABA	[84, 87, 142]
5	Protective liver	Saponarin; SOD; GABA	[69, 88, 89, 143]
6	Beauty anti-acne/detox	Metallothioneins	[91]
7	Antidepressant	GABA; saponarin; vitamins and minerals	[10, 69, 93, 95, 144]
8	Improve gastrointestinal	Dietary fiber; selenium; GABA	[15, 98, 145]
9	Anticancer	Alkaline, flavonoids, chlorophyll; tricin; SOD	[99, 100, 103, 139]
10	Anti-inflammation	Chlorophyll; saponarin; SOD; GABA; tryptophan	[12, 106–108, 145, 146]
11	Antioxidants	Chlorophyll; lutonarin, saponarin; isoorientin and orientin; γ-tocopherol, glutathione; SOD, flavonoid, protein P4D1; GABA	[12, 39, 81, 111–114, 147]
12	Hypolipidemic	Saponarin; α-tocopherol; 2″-O-glycosyl isovitexin, polysaccharide	[69, 77, 119]
13	Antigout/hyperuricemia	Alkaloid, SOD	[122, 123]
14	Preventive cardiovascular diseases	Saponarin; tryptophan; vitamins (A, B1, C, E), SOD; K, Ca; GABA	[72, 81, 87, 126, 136, 140, 148]
15	Antihypoxia/anti-fatigue	Flavones (lutonarin, saponarin)	[127]
16	Preventive constipation	Dietary fiber	[130]
17	Alleviated atopic dermatitis	GABA, SOD	[131, 132, 149]
18	Preventive heart disease	K, GABA	[10, 50, 150]
19	Calcium supplement	Ca	[10, 50, 70, 134]
20	Improve cognition	GABA, K, SOD	[10, 28, 50, 151]