Table 3. Clinical Characteristics of Patients by Procedure Type (N = 2234).

	Procedure Type					P
	Implant (DTI and TE) N = 1615 (72.3%)	PTRAM N = 84 (3.8%)	Free TRAM N = 97 (4.3%)	DIEP N = 365 (16.3%)	Lat Dorsi N = 73 (3.3%)
BMI, Mean (SD)	25.8 (5.5)	28.5 (5.5)	30.4 (5.0)	28.7 (5.1)	26.0 (6.9)	<0.001
Timing
Immediate	1581 (97.9%)	75 (89.3%)	71 (73.2%)	300 (82.2%)	49 (67.1%)	<0.001
Delayed	34 (2.1%)	9 (10.7%)	26 (26.8%)	65 (17.8%)	24 (32.9)
Laterality
Unilateral	670 (41.5%)	70 (83.3%)	71 (73.2%)	233 (63.8%)	58 (79.5%)	<0.001
Bilateral	945 (58.5%)	14 (16.7%)	26 (26.8%)	132 (36.2%)	15 (20.6%)
Lymph node biopsy
None	220 (13.6%)	28 (33.3%)	31 (32.0%)	121 (33.2%)	34 (46.6%)	<0.001
SLNB	838 (51.9%)	42 (50.0%)	52 (53.6%)	170 (46.6%)	26 (35.6%)
ALND	557 (34.5%)	14 (16.7%)	14 (14.4%)	74 (20.3%)	13 (17.8%)
Charlson Comorbidity Index
≤1	1472 (91.2%)	76 (90.5%)	86 (88.7%)	310 (84.9%)	64 (87.7%)	0.010
>1	143 (8.9%)	8 (9.5%)	11 (11.3%)	55 (15.1%)	9 (12.3%)
Smoking status
Nonsmoker	1061 (66.5%)	52 (62.7%)	60 (61.9%)	206 (56.6%)	48 (65.8%)	0.040
Previous smoker	492 (30.8%)	30 (36.1%)	35 (36.1%)	142 (39.0%)	24 (32.9%)
Current smoker	43 (2.7%)	1 (1.2%)	2 (2.1%)	16 (4.4%)	1 (1.4%)
Radiation
Before reconstruction	86 (5.3%)	26 (31.0%)	40 (41.2%)	85 (23.3%)	41 (56.2%)	<0.001
During or after reconstruction	366 (22.7%)	14 (16.7%)	1 (1.0%)	76 (20.8%)	5 (6.9%)
None	1163 (72.0%)	44 (52.4%)	56 (57.7%)	204 (55.9%)	27 (37.0%)
Chemotherapy
During or after reconstruction	561 (34.7%)	20 (23.8%)	12 (12.4%)	113 (31.0%)	17 (23.3%)	<0.001
Not during or after reconstruction	1054 (65.3%)	64 (76.2%)	85 (87.6%)	252 (69.0%)	56 (76.7%)

ALND indicates axillary lymph node dissection; SLNB, sentinel lymph node biopsy