Table 5. Mixed Effects Logistic Regression Model for 1-year Postoperative Any and Major Complication.
| Predictors | Model 1: Any Complication OR (95% CI) |
Model 2: Major Complication P |
OR, 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (ref: <35) | ||||
| 35–45 | 1.52 (0.94–2.46) | 0.091 | 2.07 (1.10–3.89) | 0.024 |
| 45–55 | 1.68 (1.04–2.70) | 0.033 | 2.41 (1.30–4.49) | 0.006 |
| 55–65 | 1.96 (1.19–3.25) | 0.009 | 3.01 (1.58–5.75) | 0.001 |
| >65 | 2.30 (1.26–4.20) | 0.007 | 2.84 (1.34–6.01) | 0.007 |
| Obesity Class* (ref: Normal) | ||||
| Underweight | 0.73 (0.29–1.84) | 0.508 | 0.79 (0.27–2.36) | 0.677 |
| Overweight | 1.13 (0.88–1.45) | 0.324 | 1.26 (0.95–1.68) | 0.108 |
| Obese I | 1.54 (1.14–2.08) | 0.005 | 1.73 (1.24–2.43) | 0.001 |
| Obese II/III | 2.29 (1.58–3.32) | <0.001 | 2.45 (1.64–3.65) | <0.001 |
| Procedure Type (ref: DTI and TE) | ||||
| PTRAM | 1.89 (1.08–3.30) | 0.025 | 1.86 (1.02–3.40) | 0.044 |
| FTRAM | 1.94 (1.17–3.23) | 0.011 | 1.57 (0.89–2.76) | 0.120 |
| DIEP | 2.22 (1.57–3.13) | <0.001 | 1.75 (1.19–2.58) | 0.004 |
| Lat Dorsi | 1.95 (1.08–3.51) | 0.026 | 0.98 (0.47–2.02) | 0.953 |
| Timing (ref: Delayed) | ||||
| Immediate | 1.82 (1.11– 2.99) | 0.017 | 1.17 (0.68–2.00) | 0.566 |
| Laterality (ref: Unilateral) | ||||
| Bilateral | 1.52 (1.22–1.89) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.25–2.04) | <0.001 |
| Lymph node biopsy (ref: None) | ||||
| SLNB | 1.08 (0.78–1.50) | 0.647 | 1.23 (0.84–1.79) | 0.284 |
| ALND | 0.98 (0.67–1.43) | 0.922 | 1.14 (0.75–1.75) | 0.541 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (ref: ≤1) | ||||
| >1 | 1.43 (1.03–1.99) | 0.032 | 1.77 (1.25–2.51) | 0.001 |
| Smoking status (ref: Nonsmoker) | ||||
| Previous smoker | 1.16 (0.93–1.44) | 0.192 | 1.14 (0.89–1.45) | 0.314 |
| Current smoker | 1.62 (0.92–2.85) | 0.093 | 1.95 (1.07–3.55) | 0.028 |
| Radiation (ref: None) | ||||
| Before reconstruction | 1.07 (0.76–1.51) | 0.713 | 1.12 (0.76–1.65) | 0.561 |
| During/after reconstruction | 1.58 (1.18–2.11) | 0.002 | 1.64 (1.19–2.27) | 0.003 |
| Chemotherapy (ref: not during/after reconstruction) | ||||
| During/after reconstruction | 1.00 (0.79–1.27) | 0.994 | 1.13 (0.86–1.49) | 0.362 |
Note: Each model also controlled for the following demographic characteristics: race (White, Black, Other), ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino vs Not), education (high school or less, some college, college degree, graduate degree), household annual income (<50k, 50–99k, ≥100k), marital status (married or partnered vs not), employment status (full-time, part-time, unemployed).
*
Based on WHO classification: Underweight (BMI <18.5kg/m2), Normal (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), Obese I (BMI 30.0–34.9kg/m2), Obese II/III (BMI ≥35.0kg/m2).
ALND indicates axillary lymph node dissection; SLNB, sentinel lymph node biopsy.