Table 3.

Health-related quality of life and depression by presenteeism among respondents with osteoarthritis in Japan, 2014

	Total (N = 233)		Presenteeism (N = 166)		No presenteeism (N = 67)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-value	Cohen’s d
MCS	46.2	10.6	44.4	11.2	50.8	7.4	< 0.001	0.67
PCS	47.5	7.5	46.1	7.8	50.9	5.5	< 0.001	0.71
Physical functioning	44.3	15.5	42.0	16.7	50.1	10.2	< 0.001	0.59
Physical role limitations	43.9	13.4	41.3	13.9	50.3	9.6	< 0.001	0.75
Bodily pain	42.1	10.1	40.2	9.7	46.7	9.6	< 0.001	0.67
General health	42.5	10.5	40.6	10.3	47.0	9.5	< 0.001	0.65
Vitality	44.2	10.9	42.4	10.8	48.6	10.0	< 0.001	0.46
Social functioning	44.8	12.9	42.5	13.4	50.7	9.3	< 0.001	0.71
Emotional role limitations	45.9	12.6	44.2	13.2	50.3	9.4	< 0.001	0.53
Mental health	46.2	11.4	44.1	11.6	51.3	8.8	< 0.001	0.70
SF-6D (health utility)	0.69	0.12	0.67	0.12	0.74	0.10	< 0.001	0.63
PHQ-9 total score (depression)	5.0	5.7	5.8	6.0	2.9	4.3	< 0.001	0.56

Cohen’s d reflects the difference between the means divided by the standard deviations for those with and without presenteeism. A difference of 0.2 is considered small, 0.5 is medium, and 0.8 is large. As Cohen’s d value increases, the lower percentage of overlapping values are observed between groups

Note: MCS Mental Component Summary, PCS Physical Component Summary, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, SF-6D Short-Form Six-Dimension