Table 1.
The basic characteristics of included papers
| Region | Author | Number (n) | Positive rate | Latitude (°) | Temperature (°C) | Sunshine (h) | HDI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | |||||||
| Israel | Niv | 2128 | 0.328 | 31.00 | 9.31 | 16.45 | 0.872 |
| Nottingham | Jackson | 2437 | 0.264 | 52.56 | 3.77 | 9.80 | 0.768 |
| Lebanon | Naja | 308 | 0.520 | 33.45 | 8.05 | 20.87 | 0.761 |
| Berlin | Berg | 1806 | 0.392 | 52.30 | 4.45 | 8.88 | 0.801 |
| Rome | Gasbarrini | 655 | 0.400 | 41.80 | 6.77 | 15.20 | 0.825 |
| Leeds | Moayyedi | 8429 | 0.276 | 53.48 | 3.36 | 8.76 | 0.818 |
| Magdeburg | Wex | 2318 | 0.444 | 52.80 | 4.45 | 8.75 | 0.906 |
| Novosibirsk | Reshetnikov | 438 | 0.884 | 55.20 | 6.03 | 1.73 | 0.723 |
| Prague | Bures | 1406 | 0.292 | 50.05 | 4.57 | 7.85 | 0.867 |
| Loiano | Bazzoli | 1533 | 0.679 | 44.16 | 5.59 | 8.60 | 0.803 |
| Stockholm | Sorberg | 3502 | 0.177 | 59.19 | 4.99 | 6.63 | 0.855 |
| Wroclaw | Iwanczak | 3307 | 0.842 | 51.10 | 4.10 | 8.32 | 0.794 |
| Tbilisi | Kretsinger | 125 | 0.719 | 41.70 | 5.63 | 13.00 | 0.690 |
| Heidelberg | Michel | 1797 | 0.481 | 49.25 | 4.49 | 11.50 | 0.916 |
| Bratislava | Kuzela | 1838 | 0.351 | 48.08 | 5.58 | 10.50 | 0.836 |
| Tirana | Monno | 1088 | 0.707 | 41.19 | 6.97 | 15.20 | 0.682 |
| Reykjavik | Thjodleifsson | 447 | 0.363 | 64.08 | 3.48 | 4.30 | 0.859 |
| Uppsala | Thjodleifsson | 359 | 0.112 | 59.51 | 4.86 | 6.50 | 0.897 |
| Tartu | Thjodleifsson | 240 | 0.692 | 58.23 | 4.59 | 4.84 | 0.780 |
| Asia | |||||||
| Beijing | Zhang | 2006 | 0.833 | 40.15 | 7.52 | 11.80 | 0.645 |
| Ankara | Akin | 1089 | 0.774 | 39.52 | 6.71 | 11.71 | 0.653 |
| Korea | Yim | 13,697 | 0.586 | 36.00 | 5.77 | 11.82 | 0.853 |
| Okinawa | Toyoda | 1540 | 0.599 | 26.50 | 5.15 | 22.42 | 0.871 |
| Malaysia | Goh | 2381 | 0.359 | 4.00 | 6.11 | 26.73 | 0.727 |
| Islamabad | Rasheed | 205 | 0.819 | 33.43 | 8.07 | 21.34 | 0.522 |
| Yangzhong | Zhu | 5417 | 0.634 | 32.19 | 5.85 | 15.10 | 0.699 |
| North Sulawesi | Miftahussurur | 251 | 0.143 | 1.29 | 6.00 | 27.72 | 0.684 |
| Arak | Afsharipour | 525 | 0.742 | 34.10 | 8.09 | 13.65 | 0.751 |
| Nahavand | Alizadeh | 1518 | 0.710 | 34.11 | 7.55 | 10.83 | 0.735 |
| Penang | Sasidharan | 5370 | 0.142 | 5.24 | 6.75 | 27.00 | 0.723 |
| Tehran | Nouraie | 2326 | 0.690 | 35.40 | 8.25 | 17.00 | 0.703 |
| Seoul | Kim | 1485 | 0.649 | 37.33 | 5.77 | 11.82 | 0.853 |
| Kota Bharu | Rahim | 480 | 0.190 | 6.90 | 6.94 | 26.73 | 0.769 |
| Hsinchu | Chen | 3578 | 0.202 | 24.81 | 5.07 | 22.60 | 0.882 |
| Xiangshui | Shi | 1371 | 0.620 | 34.20 | 6.57 | 15.79 | 0.641 |
| Korea | Lim | 10,796 | 0.545 | 36.00 | 5.77 | 11.82 | 0.891 |
| Beijing | Cheng | 1232 | 0.468 | 40.15 | 7.52 | 11.80 | 0.812 |
| Hangzhou | Xu | 8820 | 0.438 | 30.30 | 5.42 | 15.79 | 0.723 |
| Hokkaido | Ueda | 1428 | 0.294 | 43.14 | 4.94 | 8.22 | 0.890 |
| Aomori | Ueda | 782 | 0.497 | 40.49 | 4.64 | 9.73 | 0.890 |
| Yamagata | Ueda | 3615 | 0.545 | 38.30 | 4.56 | 11.19 | 0.890 |
| Gunma | Ueda | 4914 | 0.323 | 36.40 | 5.42 | 13.91 | 0.890 |
| Aichi | Ueda | 2237 | 0.306 | 35.10 | 5.58 | 15.04 | 0.890 |
| Kagawa | Ueda | 442 | 0.378 | 34.30 | 5.80 | 15.35 | 0.890 |
| America | |||||||
| America | Everhart | 7465 | 0.325 | 36.09 | 7.07 | 15.06 | 0.859 |
| Nashville | Epplein | 310 | 0.787 | 36.09 | 6.88 | 15.06 | 0.888 |
| Seattle | Ioannou | 6724 | 0.535 | 47.38 | 5.95 | 11.13 | 0.859 |
| Ontario | Naja | 1306 | 0.294 | 43.40 | 5.58 | 7.16 | 0.896 |
| Aklavik | Cheung | 194 | 0.660 | 68.13 | 3.54 | −8.20 | 0.896 |
| Nassau | Carter | 204 | 0.578 | 24.15 | 7.91 | 24.85 | 0.778 |
| São Paulo | Zaterka | 993 | 0.657 | 23.33 | 5.49 | 19.20 | 0.720 |
| Guadeloupe | Weill | 854 | 0.552 | 16.15 | 7.60 | 26.30 | 0.848 |
| São Paulo | Oba–Shinjo | 942 | 0.484 | 23.33 | 4.75 | 19.26 | 0.688 |
| Recife | Melo | 405 | 0.314 | 8.30 | 6.75 | 25.46 | 0.683 |
| Pelotas | Santos | 359 | 0.644 | 31.46 | 6.14 | 17.50 | 0.709 |
| Africa | |||||||
| Belgium | Aguemon | 446 | 0.740 | 6.21 | 6.44 | 27.22 | 0.413 |
| Tunis | Mansour | 250 | 0.632 | 36.48 | 7.69 | 20.00 | 0.689 |
| Oceania | |||||||
| Queensland | Pandeya | 1316 | 0.230 | 27.30 | 7.50 | 21.40 | 0.904 |
HDI Human Development Index