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. 2018 Apr 17;18:509. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5396-7

Table 4.

Associated factors: awareness, understanding and use of sodium labels. Results of logistic analysis by a stepwise method

Final model a β SE b P value Odds Ratio 95% CI of OR
Lower Upper
Awareness of sodium label
 Age −0.501 0.100 < 0.001 0.606 0.498 0.737
 Educational level 0.416 0.088 < 0.001 1.516 1.276 1.801
 Cardiovascular Disease 0.704 0.210 0.001 2.022 1.339 3.052
 Score of attitude towards salt intake c 0.020 0.006 < 0.001 1.020 1.009 1.031
 Constant −3.111 0.517 < 0.001 0.045
Understanding of sodium label d
 Educational level 0.436 0.065 < 0.001 1.547 1.361 1.757
 Awareness of recommended daily salt intake 0.937 0.183 < 0.001 2.553 1.784 3.653
 Salt reduction behavior e 0.512 0.178 0.004 1.668 1.177 2.365
 Constant −2.149 0.267 < 0.001 0.117
The use of sodium label f
 Income level 0.355 0.143 0.013 1.426 1.078 1.886
 Score of attitude towards salt intake c 0.037 0.007 < 0.001 1.038 1.025 1.052
 Source of participants −0.870 0.268 0.001 0.419 0.248 0.708
 Awareness of sodium label 0.553 0.272 0.042 1.739 1.020 2.964
 Constant −4.522 0.727 < 0.001 0.011

a Sex, age, source of participants, educational level, household monthly income per capita, BMI (kg/m2), existing health problems, awareness of recommended daily salt intake, score of attitude towards salt intake, and salt reduction behavior were included in the model at the first step

b: Standard error

c: The score of participants towards salt intake, translated into 100 points

d: Knowing the relationship between salt and sodium

e: The behavior of usually controlling the salt intake in daily life

f: Reading or checking nutrition label most of time when shopping