Table 1.
Demographic and neuropsychological test.
| AD (n = 32) | HC (n = 38) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 52–86 (71.25 ± 8.63) | 50–86 (68.39 ± 7.78) | 0.15a |
| Gender (male/female) | 14/18 | 13/25 | 0.41b |
| CDR | 0.5 (n = 14), 1 (n = 18) | 0 | – |
| MMSE | 10–25 (18.56 ± 3.99) | 28–30 (28.63 ± 0.67) | <0.001a |
| AVLT | 8–24 (14.81 ± 4.12) | 39–52 (44.42 ± 2.74) | <0.001a |
| ESD | 107–200 (155.33 ± 26.48) | 180–248 (227.74 ± 15.68) | <0.001a |
| MoCA | 8–19 (14.94 ± 3.23) | 27–30 (28.63 ± 0.67) | <0.001a |
| CDT | 3–8 (6.13 ± 1.43) | 8–9 (8.71 ± 0.46) | <0.001a |
| ADL | 22–45 (30.41 ± 7.21) | 20–22 (21.08 ± 0.78) | <0.001a |
| FAQ | 4–11 (6.25 ± 1.70) | 0–2 (0.55 ± 0.76) | <0.001a |
| HAMD | 0–3 (1.06 ± 1.08) | 0–3 (0.61 ± 1.00) | 0.07a |
| HIS | 0–3 (1.16 ± 0.77) | 0–3 (1.13 ± 1.07) | 0.91a |
Data are presented as the range of minimum–maximum (mean ± SD). AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ADL, Activity of Daily Living Scale; AVLT, World Health Organization–University of California–Los Angeles Aauditory verbal learning test; CDR, clinical dementia rating; CDT, clock drawing task; ESD, extended scale for dementia; FAQ, functional activities questionnaire; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; HC, healthy controls; HIS, Hachinski Ischemic Score; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; MoCA, montreal cognitive assessment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; HC, healthy controls. aThe P-value was obtained by two-sample two-tailed t-test; bThe P-value was obtained by two-tailed Pearson chi-square test.