Table 3.

Univariate Associations With Culture-Positive Tuberculosis Among 484 Seriously Ill Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Participants Presenting With a Cough of Any Duration and ≥1 World Health Organization Danger Sign

Variable	OR	(95% CI)	Wald P Value
Agea	0.98	(.96–1.00)	.044
Sex
Female	Referent group
Male	0.95	(.65–1.39)	.799
Cough duration ≥14 d
No	Referent group
Yes	2.47	(1.70–3.60)	<.001
WHO danger signs
Respiratory rate >30 breaths/min
No	Referent group
Yes	0.78	(.54–1.14)	.207
Heart rate >120 beats/min
No	Referent group
Yes	1.53	(.98–2.37)	.060
Temperature >39°C
No	Referent group
Yes	1.86	(1.13–3.07)	.014
Unable to walk unaided
No	Referent group
Yes	2.77	(1.92–4.01)	<.001
Tuberculosis symptoms
Fever
No	Referent group
Yes	1.07	(.67–1.69)	.783
Night sweats
No	Referent group
Yes	1.18	(.81–1.72)	.384
Weight loss
No	Referent group
Yes	3.08	(1.54–6.17)	.002
Increasing number of tuberculosis symptoms	1.28	(1.01–1.64)	.041
Radiographic assessment of tuberculosis
Unlikely	Referent group
Possible	2.13	(1.00–4.54)	.052
Likely	11.01	(4.92–24.66)	<.001
Laboratory investigations
Hemoglobin, g/dLb	0.69	(.63–.76)	<.001
WCC, ×109/Lc	0.90	(.87–.93)	<.001

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; WCC, white cell count; WHO, World Health Organization.

^aPer 1 year increase.

^bPer 1 g/dL increase.

^cPer 1 × 10⁹/L increase.