Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients With Clostridium difficile Infection (N = 55504)
| Characteristic | No. of Subjects (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, y | |
| Mean (SD) | 61.3 (21.1) |
| <65 | 29667 (53.5) |
| ≥65 | 25837 (46.6) |
| Sex | |
| Female | 34389 (62.0) |
| Male | 21115 (38.0) |
| Health plan type [1] | |
| HMO | 7697 (13.9) |
| PPO/EPO | 25447 (45.9) |
| POS | 3386 (6.1) |
| HDHP/CDHP | 2862 (5.2) |
| Comprehensive | 14956 (27.0) |
| Unknown | 1156 (2.1) |
| Geographic region of residence | |
| Northeast | 10399 (18.7) |
| North Central | 17673 (31.8) |
| South | 16605 (29.9) |
| West | 10321 (18.6) |
| Unknown | 506 (0.9) |
| Medical conditions 12 mo prior to primary CDI | |
| Charlson comorbidity score, mean (SD) | 3.1 (3.4) |
| Diabetes | 14530 (26.2) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 11693 (21.1) |
| Renal dysfunction | 13066 (23.5) |
| Pulmonary disease | 37201 (67.0) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 3618 (6.5) |
| Immunocompromised | 12884 (23.2) |
| Medications 3 mo prior to primary CDI | |
| Antibiotics | 35432 (63.8) |
| Gastric acid suppression | 8332 (15.0) |
| Laxatives | 1953 (3.5) |
| NSAIDs | 22938 (41.3) |
| Healthcare resource utilization 3 mo prior to primary CDI | |
| Hospitalizations, mean (SD) | 0.6 (0.8) |
| Emergency department visits, mean (SD) | 0.2 (0.5) |
| Doctor office visits, mean (SD) | 4.7 (4.9) |
Abbreviations: CDHP, consumer-driven health plan; CDI, Clostridium difficile infection; EPO, exclusive provider organization; HDHP, high-deductible health plan; HMO, health maintenance organization; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; POS, point of service; PPO, preferred provider organization; SD, standard deviation.