Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to usual yogurt intake
| NHS (N = 55,898) | HPFS (N = 18,232) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yogurt intake categories (1C s/d) | ||||||||
| <1/month | 1/month– <1/week | 1–<2/week | ≥2/week | <1/month | 1/month– <1/week | 1–<2/week | ≥2/week | |
| n | 21,474 | 10,565 | 11,827 | 12,032 | 9,920 | 3,369 | 2,751 | 2,192 |
| Age2, year | 58.7 (10.1) | 58.5 (9.8) | 58.4 (9.8) | 58.5 (9.9) | 60.9 (10.0) | 58.9 (9.9) | 59.3 (10.1) | 60.6 (10.2) |
| Activity, MET-hours/ week | 13.0 (18.5) | 14.5 (19.0) | 15.8 (22.0) | 18.3 (22.4) | 25.7 (35.3) | 28.4 (33.5) | 30.9 (34.5) | 34.4 (42.5) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.8 (5.3) | 27.1 (5.3) | 27.0 (5.2) | 27.0 (5.3) | 24.6 (7.8) | 24.7 (7.9) | 24.7 (7.7) | 24.2 (7.9) |
| Calories, kcals/day | 1,598 (526) | 1,629 (518) | 1,702 (522) | 1,805 (542) | 1,918 (599) | 1,970 (603) | 2,019 (596) | 2,135 (630) |
| Alcohol, g/day | 6.8 (12.2) | 6.2 (11.1) | 5.9 (10.2) | 5.8 (9.5) | 13.9 (17.7) | 11.7 (15.1) | 11.3 (14.0) | 10.9 (14.1) |
| DASH diet score | 22.4 (4.6) | 23.8 (4.5) | 24.6 (4.4) | 25.7 (4.4) | 22.6 (4.9) | 24.5 (4.8) | 25.2 (4.8) | 26.7 (4.6) |
| Total fiber, g/day | 17.2 (5.1) | 18.3 (5.3) | 18.7 (5.3) | 19.4 (5.4) | 20.8 (7.3) | 22.5 (6.8) | 23.3 (7.2) | 24.2 (7.0) |
| Fruits/vegetables, s/day | 4.4 (1.8) | 4.8 (1.9) | 5.1 (1.9) | 5.5 (2.0) | 5.1 (2.4) | 5.8 (2.6) | 6.1 (2.6) | 6.7 (2.9) |
| Red and processed meats, s/day | 1.2 (0.93) | 1.1 (0.86) | 1.1 (0.83) | 0.93 (0.76) | 1.2 (0.84) | 1.0 (0.79) | 0.98 (0.75) | 0.88 (0.73) |
| Total dairy, s/day | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.5 (1.0) | 1.7 (1.1) | 2.1 (1.2) | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.5 (0.99) | 2.0 (1.2) |
| Yogurt, s/day | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.14 (0.16) | 0.45 (0.44) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.15 (0.15) | 0.48 (0.40) |
| Current smoker, % | 23.2 | 15.2 | 12.2 | 11.1 | 10.0 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 3.5 |
| Antihypertensive medication use, % | 44.3 | 46.0 | 47.6 | 49.0 | 55.2 | 52.3 | 51.4 | 48.8 |
| HBP family history, % | 48.2 | 52.8 | 55.4 | 53.3 | 48.0 | 49.5 | 53.0 | 49.5 |
| MI family history, % | 21.2 | 20.5 | 19.7 | 20.3 | 34.0 | 32.7 | 32.6 | 35.1 |
| Current postmenopausal hormone use, % | 23.7 | 28.0 | 29.7 | 30.9 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Values are mean (SD) for continuous variables and % for categorical variables. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; HBP, high blood pressure; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; MET, metabolic equivalent task; MI, myocardial infarction; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study.