Table 5.
Details rehabilitation
Rehabilitation |
Preoperative rehabilitation |
ACL graft |
Brace |
Full weight-bearing allowed |
FROM allowed |
CKC exercises |
OKC exercises |
Concentric exercises |
Eccentric exercises |
Running |
Return to light sports |
Unrestricted return to sports |
Criteria for return to sports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Åhlén et al54 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
Immediate |
6 weeks |
? |
? |
3 months |
? |
6 months |
Subjective functional stability compared with contralateral leg |
Ali et al51 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate (Programme Shelbourne) |
Immediate |
Programme Shelbourne |
Programme Shelbourne |
Programme Shelbourne |
Programme Shelbourne |
? |
6 months |
9 months |
Stable knee (Lachman and pivot test) and asymptomatic knee |
Baltaci et al32 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
Immediate |
6–8 weeks |
3–4 weeks |
6–8 weeks? |
3 months |
6–8 months |
6–8 months |
? |
Christensen et al12 |
? |
HS |
Brace versus no brace |
Immediate (Programme Biggs) |
Immediate |
Programme Biggs |
Programme Biggs |
? |
? |
8–12 weeks |
? |
? |
? |
Clark et al52 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
? |
? |
? |
? |
3–4 months |
? |
? |
? |
Czamara et al42 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
Immediate |
6–12 weeks? |
6 weeks |
6–12 weeks |
4 months |
? |
? |
? |
Czaplicki et al46 |
Yes |
HS |
No |
Immediate (Programme Shelbourne) |
Immediate |
Programme Shelbourne |
Programme Shelbourne |
Programme Shelbourne |
Programme Shelbourne |
? |
? |
? |
? |
Fukuda et al10 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
2 weeks |
4 vs 12 weeks |
? |
? |
10 weeks |
? |
? |
? |
Howell et al21 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
4 weeks |
4 weeks |
? |
? |
8–10 weeks |
? |
4 months |
? |
Janssen et al9 ref 9 and 44 |
Yes |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
Immediate |
6 weeks |
6 weeks (start 90°−40°) 10 weeks (FROM) |
6 weeks (start 90°−40°) 10 weeks (FROM) |
10 weeks |
4 months |
4–6 months |
? |
Jenny et al47 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
? |
? |
? |
? |
4 months |
4 months |
4–6 months |
Patient-based decision |
Karikis et al48 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate (‘accelerated’ programme) |
Immediate |
Immediate |
? |
? |
? |
3 months |
? |
6 months |
Full functional stability in muscle strength, coordination, balance compared with uninvolved leg |
Kinikli et al33 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate (Programme Wilk/Majima) |
Immediate |
Immediate |
6–8 weeks |
3 weeks (study group) |
3 weeks (study group) |
? |
? |
? |
? |
Królikowska et al53 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
1–5 weeks |
? |
6–12 weeks |
6–12 weeks |
13–20 weeks |
21 weeks |
6 months |
? |
Koutras et al36 49 |
Yes |
HS |
No |
Immediate (Programme Shelbourne) |
immediate |
Programme Shelbourne |
Programme Shelbourne |
Programme Shelbourne |
Programme Shelbourne |
? |
? |
? |
? |
Salmon et al38 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
Immediate |
? |
? |
? |
6 weeks |
? |
6 months |
Rehabilitation goals met |
Sastre et al34 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
? |
? |
? |
? |
12 weeks |
? |
6–9 months |
? |
Srinivas et al50 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
Second day |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
6 months |
? |
Toanen et al56 |
? |
HS |
No |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
6–12 weeks |
3–6 months |
6 months |
? |
Trojani et al55 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
Immediate |
? |
? |
? |
8 weeks |
? |
6 months |
? |
Vadalà et al35 |
? |
HS |
Brace versus no brace |
Immediate |
Immediate versus 2 weeks |
Immediate |
? |
? |
? |
3 months |
? |
? |
? |
Zaffagnini et al45 |
? |
HS |
No |
Immediate |
Immediate |
Immediate |
? |
? |
? |
2 months |
? |
4 months |
Criteria for on field rehabilitation, not for return to unrestricted sports |
CKC, closed kinetic chain; FROM, full range of motion; HS, hamstring autograft; OKC, open kinetic chain.