Table 1.
OR and 95% CIs of premenstrual syndrome and alcohol drinking
| Source | Design | Country | Population | Any drinking |
Light drinking | Moderate drinking | Heavy drinking | Study size or #cases / #controls |
Adjustment variables |
| Wilsnack 198415 | Cross-Sectional | USA | National sample ≥21 years |
1.11 (0.89–1.40) | 0.86 (0.59–1.25) | 1.15 (0.80–1.65) | 1.57 (0.99–2.49) | 2552 | Not specified |
| Stout 198627 | Case-Control | USA | Patients 20–48 years | 3.32 (1.85–5.97) | – | – | 3.32 (1.85–5.97) | 223/923 | Not specified |
| Rossignol 199128 | Cross-Sectional | USA | Students18-22 years | 2.11 (1.99–2.22) | – | 2.35 (1.64–3.37) | 2.10 (1.99–2.22) | 853 | Not specified |
| Caan 199329 | Case-Control | USA | Volunteers | 2.00 (0.96–4.17) | 1.34 (0.82–2.19) | 1.40 (0.63–2.13) | 9.73 (2.68–35.29) | 102/102 | Age, ethnicity |
| Chuong 199330 | Case-Control | USA | Patients | 3.74 (2.27–6.18) | 3.29 (1.95–5.56) | 5.39 (1.12–25.87) | 9.41 (1.14–77.57) | 190/182 | Not specified |
| Deuster 19999 | Cross-Sectional | USA | General population 18–44 years | 2.5 (1.1–5.9) | – | – | 2.5 (1.1–5.9) | 874 | Age, ethnicity, age at menarche, length of menses, body mass index, education, smoking, stress score, diet, physical activity |
| Hourani 200431 | Case-Control | USA | Navy workers 18–49 years | 1.62 (1.08–2.42) | – | – | 1.62 (1.08–2.42) | 3861/2165 | Demographic variables and lifestyle |
| Strine 200510 | Cross-sectional | USA | National sample 18–55 years | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | – | – | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 11 648 | Age, ethnicity, education, marital status, employment status |
| Bryant 200621 | Case-Control | UK | Volunteers 18–47 years | 0.73 (0.28–1.85) | – | – | – | 31/27 | Age, body mass index |
| Gold 200713 | Cross-Sectional | USA | Population from a cohort 42–52 years | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | 0.82 (0.66–1.01) | 1.02 (0.91–1.13) | – | 3012 | Not specified |
| Reed 200822 | Case-Control | USA | Volunteers | 0.51 (0.13–1.93) | – | – | – | 14/15 | Not specified |
| Bertone-Johnson 200912 | Case-Control | USA | Population from the Nurses’ Health Study | 1.13 (1.03–1.27) | 1.05 (0.91–1.20 | 1.28 (1.10–1.50) | 1.09 (0.92–1.28) | 1057/1968 | Age, diagnosis year, parity, contraception, smoking, pregnancies, body mass index, tubal ligation, antidepressants, childhood trauma, diet |
| Sadler 201014 | Cross-Sectional | UK | General population 20–34 years | 0.83 (0.65–1.08) | 0.83 (0.53–1.29) | 0.80 (0.51–1.25) | 0.87 (0.56–1.35) | 974 | Age, education, body mass index, smoking, stress, contraception |
| Skrzypulec-Plinta 201011 | Cross-Sectional | Poland | General population 18–45 years | 2.43 (0.86–6.89) | – | – | – | 1540 | Not specified |
| Forrester-Knauss 201132 | Cross-Sectional | Switzerland | National sample >50 years |
0.59 (0.27–1.27) | 0.78 (0.58–1.04) | 0.34 (0.13–0.88) | – | 3518 | Not specified |
| Pinar 201133 | Cross-Sectional | Turkey | Students18-28 years | 0.80 (0.43–1.48) | – | – | – | 316 | Not specified |
| Hong 201234 | Cross-Sectional | Korea | Population from a catchment area 18–49 years | 3.32 (1.76–6.27) | – | – | 3.32 (1.76–6.27) | 2499 | Age |
| Cheng 201335 | Cross-Sectional | Taiwan | Students | 2.85 (1.18–6.84) | – | – | 2.85 (1.18–6.84) | 1699 | Age, education, cycle regularity, smoking, exercise, diet |
| Ju 201536 | Cohort | Australia | General population 18–23 years | 1.10 (1.05–1.14) | – | – | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | 7102 | Age, drug use, education, marital status, income, residence, BMI, smoking, gynecologic variables, depression |