Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of pregnant women with and without SLE
| Variables | SLE cases (n=338) | Non-SLE cases (n=1014) | P values |
| Characteristics | |||
| Age (years, mean±SD) | 29.5±4.0 | 29.7±4.3 | 0.59 |
| History of spontaneous abortion (frequency) | |||
| 0 | 265 (78.4%) | 903 (89.1%) | 0.00** |
| 1 | 46 (13.6%) | 64 (6.3%) | |
| ≥2 | 27 (8.0%) | 47 (4.6%) | |
| History of SLE (years, mean±SD, range) | 5.6±4.3 (0–20) | NA | |
| Region | |||
| City | 237 (70.1%) | 318 (31.4%) | 0.00** |
| Rural | 101 (29.9%) | 695 (68.6%) | |
| Nulliparity | 291 (86.1%) | 706 (69.6%) | 0.00** |
| Clinical comorbidities | |||
| Prepregnancy diabetes | 1 (0.3%) | 4 (0.4%) | 1.00 |
| Prepregnancy hypertension | 10 (3.0%) | 21 (2.1%) | 0.35 |
| Pregestational SLE status | |||
| Remission stage | 293 (86.7%) | NA | |
| Active stage | 6 (1.8%) | NA | |
| Initial onset | 39 (11.5%) | NA | |
| SLE clinical manifestation | |||
| Nephritis | 97 (28.7%) | NA | |
| Mucocutaneous | 106 (31.4%) | NA | |
| Haematological disorder | 66 (19.5%) | NA | |
| Neurological disorder | 5 (1.5%) | NA | |
| Arthritis | 70 (20.7%) | NA | |
| Serositis | 17 (5.0%) | NA | |
| APS | 32 (9.5%) | NA | |
| Laboratory test during pregnancy | |||
| 24-Hour urinary protein level (g, mean±SD, range) | 1.0±2.4 (0.0–16.7) | NA | |
| Anti-dsDNA | 261 (77.2%) | NA | |
| Anti-Ro/SSA | 150 (44.4%) | NA | |
| Anti-La/SSB | 47 (13.9%) | NA | |
| Anti-Sm | 20 (5.9%) | NA | |
| aPL | 46 (13.6%) | NA | |
| Hypocomplementania-C3 | 90 (26.6%) | NA | |
| Hypocomplementania-C4 | 60 (17.8) | NA | |
**P<0.01.
Anti-Sm, anti-Smith; Anti-dsDNA, anti-double stranded DNA; aPL, antiphospholipid; APS, antiphospholipid syndrome; C3, complement 3; C4, complement 3; NA, not applicable.