Table 1.
Maternal Characteristics and Small for Gestational Age Birth by Perinatal Intimate Partner Violence Exposure
| No perinatal IPV | Perinatal IPV | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Observations | 216,066 | 15,015 | 231,081 |
| Weighted counts | 10,421,207 | 624,377 | 11,045,584 |
| % of population | 94.3 (94.2, 94.5) | 5.7 (5.5, 5.8) | 100.0 |
| Column percent (95% CI)a | |||
| SGA birthb | |||
| No | 90.9 (90.7, 91.0) | 87.7 (86.9, 88.6) | 90.7 (90.5, 90.9) |
| Yes | 9.1 (9.0, 9.3) | 12.3 (11.4, 13.1) | 9.3 (9.1, 9.5) |
| Ageb | |||
| <20 | 7.0 (6.8, 7.1) | 16.4 (15.4, 17.5) | 7.5 (7.3, 7.7) |
| 20–24 | 22.2 (22.0, 22.5) | 38.2 (36.9, 39.6) | 23.1 (22.9, 23.4) |
| 25–29 | 29.9 (29.6, 30.2) | 25.7 (24.5, 26.9) | 29.7 (29.4, 30.0) |
| ≥30 | 40.9 (40.6, 41.2) | 19.7 (18.6, 20.8) | 39.7 (39.4, 40.0) |
| Race/ethnicityb | |||
| White or Other NH | 67.7 (67.4, 68.0) | 54.4 (53.0, 55.7) | 66.9 (66.7, 67.2) |
| Black NH | 12.8 (12.6, 13.0) | 23.5 (22.4, 24.6) | 13.4 (13.2, 13.6) |
| Hispanic | 13.8 (13.6, 14.0) | 18.0 (16.8, 19.2) | 14.0 (13.8, 14.2) |
| AI/AN NH | 0.9 (0.9, 0.9) | 1.7 (1.5, 1.9) | 0.9 (0.9, 1.0) |
| Asian NH | 4.8 (4.7, 4.9) | 2.5 (2.2, 2.8) | 4.7 (4.6, 4.8) |
| Education | |||
| <12 years | 13.0 (12.8, 13.2) | 25.0 (23.8, 26.2) | 13.7 (13.4, 13.9) |
| ≥12 years | 87.0 (86.8, 87.2) | 75.0 (73.8, 76.2) | 86.3 (86.1, 86.6) |
| Income—% federal poverty guidelinesb | |||
| <100 | 31.0 (30.7, 31.4) | 65.4 (64.1, 66.8) | 33.0 (32.7, 33.3) |
| 101–200 | 21.1 (20.9, 21.4) | 19.8 (18.7, 20.9) | 21.1 (20.8, 21.3) |
| ≥200 | 47.8 (47.5, 48.1) | 14.8 (13.9, 15.8) | 45.9 (45.6, 46.3) |
| Perinatal smoking patternb | |||
| Nonsmoker | 77.3 (77.0, 77.6) | 52.2 (50.8, 53.6) | 75.9 (75.6, 76.1) |
| Quit during pregnancy | 11.5 (11.2, 11.7) | 17.6 (16.6, 18.7) | 11.8 (11.6, 12.0) |
| Sustained smoking | 11.3 (11.1, 11.5) | 30.1 (28.9, 31.4) | 12.3 (12.1, 12.6) |
| Adequacy of prenatal careb | |||
| Inadequate | 10.4 (10.1, 10.6) | 18.7 (17.7, 19.8) | 10.8 (10.6, 11.1) |
| Intermediate | 13.5 (13.2, 13.7) | 14.1 (13.1, 15.1) | 13.5 (13.3, 13.7) |
| Adequate | 47.1 (46.7, 47.4) | 39.4 (38.1, 40.8) | 46.6 (46.3, 47.0) |
| Adequate plus | 29.1 (28.8, 29.4) | 27.8 (26.6, 29.0) | 29.0 (28.7, 29.3) |
| Gestational weight gainb | |||
| Inadequate | 20.3 (20.0, 20.5) | 22.4 (21.3, 23.5) | 20.4 (20.1, 20.7) |
| Normal | 33.7 (33.4, 34.0) | 30.5 (29.3, 31.8) | 33.5 (33.2, 33.8) |
| Excessive | 46.1 (45.7, 46.4) | 47.1 (45.7, 48.5) | 46.1 (45.8, 46.4) |
a
All percentages and test statistics reported are from survey-weighted procedures.
b
Design-based F statistic p < 0.0001.
SGA, small for gestational age; IPV, intimate partner violence; CI, confidence interval; AN, Alaska Native; AI, American Indian; NH, Non-Hispanic.