Table 3.
Univariable and Multivariable Associations with Suicide Ideation in the Past Twelve Months and Lifetime Suicide Attempts
| Variable | Suicide ideation past 12 months Yes n (%)a | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Lifetime suicide attempts Yes n (%)a | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country of birth | ||||||
| Sweden | 256 (36) | 1.00 (REF) | 231 (32) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Other | 28 (44) | 1.38 (0.82–2.31) | 2.27* (1.09–4.74) | 21 (32) | 0.97 (0.57–1.67) | 1.15 (0.58–2.28) |
| Age groups | ||||||
| 15–19 | 46 (57) | 1.00 (REF) | 32 (40) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| 20–29 | 139 (41) | 0.53 (0.33–0.87) | 0.54 (0.26–1.12) | 126 (37) | 0.91 (0.55–1.50) | 1.06 (0.53–2.10) |
| 30–44 | 68 (35) | 0.40 (0.24–0.69) | 0.47 (0.20–1.12) | 62 (31) | 0.69 (0.40–1.18) | 1.28 (0.58–2.85) |
| 45–64 | 27 (22) | 0.21 (0.12–0.40) | 0.11*** (0.04–0.30) | 26 (21) | 0.41 (0.22–0.76) | 0.60 (0.24–1.51) |
| 65–94 | 4 (11) | 0.10 (0.03–0.30) | 0.04* (0.002–0.75) | 6 (17) | 0.31 (0.11–0.82) | 1.80 (0.18–17.74) |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Working/studying | 173 (32) | 1.00 (REF) | 159 (29) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Unemployed/long-term sick leave | 88 (58) | 3.03 (2.09–4.38) | 2.62*** (1.53–4.50) | 75 (50) | 2.43 (1.68–3.52) | 2.52*** (1.53–4.15) |
| Retired | 4 (13) | 0.33 (0.11–0.97) | 3.36 (0.21–52.43) | 5 (16) | 0.47 (0.18–1.26) | 0.34 (0.30–3.87) |
| Other | 13 (41) | 1.48 (0.72–3.07) | 0.91 (0.33–2.51) | 9 (27) | 0.92 (0.42–2.03) | 0.53 (0.20–1.39) |
| Monthly net income ($) | ||||||
| 0–1450 | 192 (46) | 1.72 (1.08–2.74) | 0.90 (0.48–1.69) | 159 (38) | 1.36 (0.85–2.19) | 1.05 (0.58–1.90) |
| 1451–2160 | 32 (33) | 1.00 (REF) | 30 (31) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| 2161–3300 | 27 (19) | 0.48 (0.26–0.88) | 0.48 (0.21–1.09) | 33 (24) | 0.70 (0.39–1.24) | 1.03 (0.49–2.16) |
| >3300 | 15 (20) | 0.49 (0.24–1.00) | 1.96 (0.73–5.27) | 12 (16) | 0.41 (0.19–0.87) | 1.27 (0.50–3.27) |
| Do not want to answer | 15 (34) | 1.03 (0.49–2.20) | 0.61 (0.19–1.90) | 15 (35) | 1.20 (0.56–2.56) | 2.13 (0.77–5.88) |
| Education | ||||||
| No high school education | 67 (46) | 1.49 (1.01–2.19) | 1.80 (0.98–3.29) | 56 (38) | 1.19 (0.80–1.76) | 1.40 (0.82–2.39) |
| Upper-secondary education or some university | 140 (36) | 1.00 (REF) | 132 (34) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| University education ≥3 years | 71 (32) | 0.84 (0.59–1.19) | 1.44 (0.86–2.40) | 58 (26) | 0.68 (0.47–0.98) | 0.77 (0.48–1.26) |
| Other | 6 (38) | 1.07 (0.38–3.00) | 0.93 (0.21–4.05) | 6 (38) | 1.17 (0.42–3.30) | 1.32 (0.38–4.57) |
| Illicit drug use past 6 months | ||||||
| No | 236 (34) | 1.00 (REF) | 212 (31) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Yes | 40 (63) | 3.20 (1.88–5.43) | 1.96 (0.99–3.88) | 34 (52) | 2.49 (1.49–4.15) | 2.31* (1.21–4.39) |
| Do not want to answer | 6 (50) | 1.91 (0.61–6.01) | 0.98 (0.21–4.51) | 6 (50) | 2.27 (0.72–7.11) | 1.13 (0.26–4.79) |
| Risky alcohol consumption | ||||||
| No | 201 (33) | 1.00 (REF) | 180 (29) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Yes | 76 (51) | 2.09 (1.46–3.00) | 2.16** (1.30–3.60) | 66 (43) | 1.82 (1.27–2.62) | 1.76* (1.11–2.80) |
| Trans experience | ||||||
| Trans feminine | 60 (41) | 1.00 (REF) | 54 (37) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Trans masculine | 75 (41) | 0.98 (0.63–1.52) | 79 (42) | 1.26 (0.80–1.96) | ||
| Gender nonbinary | 129 (38) | 0.88 (0.59–1.30) | 105 (31) | 0.76 (0.50–1.14) | ||
| Transvestite | 19 (19) | 0.33 (0.18–0.60) | 13 (13) | 0.24 (0.12–0.48) | ||
| Offensive treatment past 3 months | ||||||
| No | 88 (25) | 1.00 (REF) | 87 (24) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Yes | 195 (47) | 2.72 (2.00–3.70) | 1.77** (1.10–2.85) | 164 (40) | 2.06 (1.51–2.81) | 1.58* (1.02–2.46) |
| Lifetime trans-related violence | ||||||
| No | 196 (32) | 1.00 (REF) | 172 (28) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Yes | 79 (55) | 2.59 (1.79–3.75) | 1.99* (1.17–3.40) | 68 (47) | 2.24 (1.55–3.25) | 1.77* (1.09–2.86) |
| Do not want to answer | 9 (47) | 1.89 (0.75–4.71) | 2.76 (0.73–10.42) | 11 (58) | 3.50 (1.38–8.85) | 4.20* (1.18–14.90) |
| Fear of discrimination | ||||||
| No | 61 (23) | 1.00 (REF) | 64 (24) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Yes | 220 (43) | 2.52 (1.80–3.53) | 186 (36) | 1.79 (1.28–2.51) | ||
| Stigma consciousness | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | ||||
| Access to gender-affirming healthcare | ||||||
| No, do not need gender-affirming healthcare | 32 (25) | 1.00 (REF) | 23 (18) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Yes | 127 (41) | 2.02 (1.27–3.20) | 129 (41) | 3.12 (1.89–5.17) | 1.96 (0.90–4.24) | |
| No, but would like to access gender-affirming healthcare | 87 (40) | 1.95 (1.20–3.17) | 65 (29) | 1.86 (1.09–3.19) | 1.51 (0.75–3.06) | |
| Do not want to answerb | 34 (30) | 1.28 (0.72–2.26) | 32 (29) | 1.79 (0.97–3.30) | 2.35* (1.10–5.00) | |
| Change of legal gender | ||||||
| No, and do not need to | 30 (20) | 1.00 (REF) | 23 (15) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Yes | 34 (30) | 1.71 (0.97–3.01) | 43 (38) | 3.45 (1.92–6.18) | ||
| No, but would like to | 139 (48) | 3.65 (2.30–5.80) | 116 (40) | 3.70 (2.24–6.10) | ||
| No, and cannot change legal gender because the desired gender is not available in Sweden today | 77 (38) | 2.42 (1.48–3.96) | 64 (32) | 2.60 (1.52–4.43) | ||
| Do not want to answer | 3 (21) | 1.08 (0.28–4.12) | 4 (27) | 2.04 (0.60–6.95) | ||
| Life Satisfaction scale (LiSat) | ||||||
| Life in general | ||||||
| Satisfied | 31 (13) | 1.00 (REF) | 59 (25) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Less satisfied | 250 (47) | 5.96 (3.94–9.02) | 190 (36) | 1.68 (1.19–2.37) | ||
| Occupation | ||||||
| Satisfied | 69 (24) | 1.00 (REF) | 81 (29) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Less satisfied | 212 (44) | 2.43 (1.75–3.36) | 168 (35) | 1.32 (0.96–1.82) | ||
| Finances | ||||||
| Satisfied | 42 (23) | 1.00 (REF) | 42 (23) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Less satisfied | 240 (41) | 2.31 (1.58–3.39) | 208 (35) | 1.86 (1.27–2.73) | ||
| Recreational time | ||||||
| Satisfied | 48 (21) | 1.00 (REF) | 61 (26) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Less satisfied | 234 (43) | 2.91 (2.03–4.17) | 189 (35) | 1.50 (1.06–2.11) | ||
| Contact with friends and acquaintances | ||||||
| Satisfied | 74 (25) | 1.00 (REF) | 83 (27) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Less satisfied | 208 (44) | 2.45 (1.78–3.38) | 1.71* (1.05–2.78) | 167 (36) | 1.50 (1.09–2.06) | |
| Sex life | ||||||
| Satisfied | 43 (24) | 1.00 (REF) | 53 (29) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Less satisfied | 238 (41) | 2.18 (1.49–3.19) | 195(33) | 1.19 (0.83–1.71) | ||
| Psychological wellbeing | ||||||
| Satisfied | 17 (9) | 1.00 (REF) | 35 (18) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Less satisfied | 265 (46) | 8.98 (5.32–15.16) | 3.60*** (1.70–7.64) | 214 (37) | 2.70 (1.80–4.04) | |
| Physical health | ||||||
| Satisfied | 33 (18) | 1.00 (REF) | 36 (19) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Less satisfied | 249 (42) | 3.35 (2.22–5.06) | 213 (36) | 2.37 (1.58–3.53) | ||
| Family | ||||||
| Satisfied | 59 (24) | 1.00 (REF) | 64 (25) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Less satisfied | 175 (46) | 2.81 (1.98–4.02) | 150 (40) | 1.92 (1.36–2.73) | ||
| Have no family/missingc | 50 (34) | 1.69 (1.08–2.66) | 38 (26) | 1.01 (0.64–1.61) | ||
| Partner | ||||||
| Satisfied | 68 (26) | 1.00 (REF) | 75 (28) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Less satisfied | 93 (42) | 2.08 (1.42–3.05) | 80 (36) | 1.45 (0.99–2.12) | ||
| Have no partner/missingd | 123 (43) | 2.21 (1.54–3.17) | 97 (34) | 1.32 (0.92–1-90) | ||
| Practical support | ||||||
| Always | 86 (27) | 1.00 (REF) | 91 (29) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Most of the time | 133 (39) | 1.74 (1.25–2.41) | 103 (30) | 1.09 (0.78–1.52) | 0.80 (0.53–1.23) | |
| Almost never | 48 (56) | 3.38 (2.06–5.53) | 38 (44) | 1.94 (1.19–3.17) | 1.46 (0.76–2.78) | |
| Never | 14 (50) | 2.67 (1.22–5.84) | 16 (57) | 3.34 (1.52–7.34) | 4.03** (1.45–11.16) | |
| Social support | ||||||
| Yes | 194 (34) | 1.00 (REF) | 177 (31) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| No | 87 (43) | 1.47 (1.06–2.04) | 71 (35) | 1.17 (0.84–1.64) | ||
| Open with trans identity | ||||||
| Always open | 54 (39) | 1.00 (REF) | 53 (38) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| Sometimes open | 148 (37) | 0.92 (0.62–1.36) | 127 (31) | 0.75 (0.50–1.12) | ||
| Rarely open | 42 (31) | 0.70 (0.43–1.16) | 42 (31) | 0.74 (0.45–1.22) | ||
| Never open | 14 (29) | 0.63 (0.31–1.28) | 10 (20) | 0.40 (0.18–0.86) | ||
| Trans identity shows | 23 (62) | 2.58 (1.22–5.45) | 17 (46) | 1.39 (0.67–2.90) | ||
| Social contact with other trans people | ||||||
| Yes | 221 (36) | 1.00 (REF) | 192 (31) | 1.00 (REF) | ||
| No | 62 (38) | 1.08 (0.75–1.54) | 59 (36) | 1.21 (0.85–1.75) | ||
a
% Presented as column percentages.
b
In the questionnaire, the section concerning gender-affirming healthcare was an additional voluntary section. Respondents who chose not to complete it were coded as do not want to answer.
c
Missing values in family satisfaction were combined with responses indicating not having a family.
d
Missing values in partner satisfaction were combined with responses indicating not having a partner.
*
P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
OR, odds ratio.