Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Participants
| Almond (n = 57) (M 31/F 26) | Control (n = 28) (M 14/F 14) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 26.96 ± 5.22a | 26.14 ± 5.40 | .502 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124.58 ± 13.79 | 126.29 ± 16.76 | .619 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.65 ± 8.64 | 74.61 ± 14.35 | .987 |
| Waist (cm) | 76.81 ± 9.21 | 74.61 ± 8.34 | .289 |
| Hip (cm) | 97.68 ± 6.3 | 95.68 ± 5.95 | .164 |
| Height (cm) | 166.86 ± 9.41 | 169.16 ± 8.88 | .284 |
| Weight (kg) | 64.48 ± 13.21 | 62.27 ± 11.75 | .455 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23 ± 3.17 | 21.66 ± 3.08 | .068 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 177.11 ± 29.58 | 162.64 ± 31.54 | .041 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 58.68 ± 13.45 | 61.54 ± 16.53 | .397 |
| TC:HDL-C | 3.2 ± 1.09 | 2.79 ± 0.81 | .080 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 111.12 ± 27.44 | 96.29 ± 29.23 | .024 |
| HDL:LDL-C | 0.57 ± 0.23 | 0.71 ± 0.31 | .041 |
| non-HDL-C (mg/dL) | 118.42 ± 31.54 | 101.11 ± 31.5 | .020 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 91.58 ± 51.33 | 64.82 ± 21.76 | .001 |
| VLDL-C (mg/dL) | 18.32 ± 10.27 | 12.96 ± 4.35 | .001 |
| Total body protein (kg) | 9.31 ± 2.22 | 9.37 ± 2.07 | .901 |
| Body fat mass (kg) | 17.23 ± 6.42 | 14.63 ± 6.86 | .089 |
| Body fat percentage (%) | 26.79 ± 8.22 | 23.4 ± 9.12 | .089 |
| Fat free mass (kg) | 47.25 ± 10.99 | 47.64 ± 10.36 | .874 |
| Soft lean mass (kg) | 44.43 ± 10.41 | 44.88 ± 9.85 | .850 |
| Skeletal muscle mass (kg) | 26.11 ± 6.68 | 26.32 ± 6.19 | .890 |
| Visceral fat levelb | 6.86 ± 3.27 | 5.68 ± 3.48 | .129 |
| Waist–Hip ratio | 0.84 ± 0.04 | 0.83 ± 0.06 | .247 |
| Basal metabolic rate (kcal) | 1390.56 ± 237.49 | 1398.93 ± 223.97 | .877 |
a
Values are mean ± SD.
b
Indicator generated from bioimpedance analysis based on the estimated amount of fat surrounding internal organs in the abdomen (normal range: 1–9).
BMI, body mass index; F, female; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; M, male; SD, standard deviation; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; VLDL-C, very LDL-C.