Table 4.

Changes in Anthropometric Measurements, Bioimpedance Parameters, and Blood Lipid Profiles from Baseline to Week 20

	Almond (n = 57)				Control (n = 28)
Variable	Week 8	Week 16	Week 20	P values for time effect	Week 8	Week 16	Week 20	P values for time effect	P values for intervention effect	P valuesfor time by intervention interaction
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	−0.58 ± 10.13a	0.28 ± 10.44	0.21 ± 12.11	.920	0.68 ± 16.42	1 ± 16.1	2.39 ± 12.27	.570	.366	.887
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	1.23 ± 7.44	−1.11 ± 7.14	−1.39 ± 7.84	.012	3.11 ± 10.9	1.19 ± 11.9	0.54 ± 10.04	.135	.581	.774
Waist (cm)	−0.09 ± 3.37	−0.19 ± 3.91	−1.11 ± 3.45	.013	−0.39 ± 3.3	1.11 ± 3.67	−0.25 ± 4.21	.015	.235	.114
Hip (cm)	−0.16 ± 2.79	−0.37 ± 2.84	−0.35 ± 2.98	.823	0.25 ± 2.33	−0.22 ± 2.57	−0.04 ± 2.83	.801	.120	.900
Weight (kg)	0.44 ± 1.82	0.62 ± 2.36	0.53 ± 2.55	.163	0.79 ± 1.27	1.21 ± 1.62	1.07 ± 2.19	.001	.282	.679
BMI (kg/m2)	0.17 ± 0.65	0.23 ± 0.89	0.2 ± 0.95	.162	0.29 ± 0.47	0.38 ± 0.58	0.31 ± 0.77	.002	.076	.775
TC (mg/dL)	−0.76 ± 20.98	−18.3 ± 19.87	−17.76 ± 21.36	<.0001	13.48 ± 20.69	−2.44 ± 20.86	−8 ± 17.57	.000	.467	.009
HDL-C (mg/dL)	3.61 ± 7.69	−3.69 ± 7.73	−4.33 ± 8.83	<.0001	7.07 ± 11.59	0.26 ± 14.43	−1.48 ± 12.31	.004	.008	.359
TC:HDL-C	−0.18 ± 0.46	−0.11 ± 0.55	−0.08 ± 0.59	.036	−0.1 ± 0.56	−0.12 ± 0.43	−0.14 ± 0.42	.382	.016	.638
LDL-C (mg/dL)	−4.24 ± 19.29	−14.69 ± 18.87	−12.31 ± 18.59	<.0001	6.52 ± 17.66	−3.81 ± 15.07	−5.15 ± 14.38	.008	.117	.060
HDL:LDL-C	0.06 ± 0.12	0.05 ± 0.12	0.02 ± 0.12	.006	−0.01 ± 0.17	0.01 ± 0.18	0 ± 0.23	.955	.006	.175
non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	−4.37 ± 19.43	−14.61 ± 18.89	−13.43 ± 20.08	<.0001	6.41 ± 18.15	−2.7 ± 13.6	−6.52 ± 14.63	.003	.066	.030
TG (mg/dL)	−8.74 ± 33.64	−12.09 ± 32.88	−22.56 ± 43.94	.003	9 ± 41.33	4.22 ± 23.64	−8.04 ± 25.89	.007	.036	.080
VLDL-C (mg/dL)	−1.75 ± 6.73	−2.42 ± 6.58	−4.51 ± 8.79	.003	1.8 ± 8.27	0.84 ± 4.73	−1.61 ± 5.18	.007	.036	.080
Total body protein (kg)	0.07 ± 0.26	0.13 ± 0.25	0.09 ± 0.27	.004	0.11 ± 0.29	0.12 ± 0.29	0.10 ± 0.35	.151	.693	.902
Body fat mass (kg)	0.23 ± 1.76	0.02 ± 2.5	0.11 ± 2.61	.463	0.38 ± 1.21	0.62 ± 1.77	0.67 ± 1.91	.310	.164	.624
Body fat percentage (%)	0.02 ± 1.9	−0.36 ± 2.61	−0.12 ± 2.7	.416	0.31 ± 1.9	0.55 ± 2.4	0.62 ± 2.46	.630	.103	.520
Fat-free mass (kg)	0.21 ± 1.21	0.61 ± 1.24	0.42 ± 1.28	.006	0.41 ± 1.35	0.59 ± 1.39	0.4 ± 1.62	.131	.753	.847
Soft lean mass (kg)	0.2 ± 1.14	0.57 ± 1.16	0.4 ± 1.21	.006	0.37 ± 1.27	0.54 ± 1.32	0.38 ± 1.51	.165	.796	.867
Skeletal muscle mass (kg)	0.17 ± 0.72	0.37 ± 0.72	0.27 ± 0.78	.004	0.33 ± 0.81	0.4 ± 0.86	0.3 ± 0.99	.089	.740	.791
Visceral fat levelb	−0.02 ± 1.07	−0.07 ± 1.38	0.02 ± 1.53	.702	0.11 ± 0.68	0.19 ± 1.02	0.32 ± 1.29	.610	.222	.843
Waist–Hip ratio	0 ± 0.02	0 ± 0.03	0 ± 0.03	.286	0.01 ± 0.02	0.01 ± 0.03	0.01 ± 0.03	.259	.447	.505
Basal metabolic rate (kcal)	4.49 ± 26.04	12.93 ± 26.71	8.96 ± 27.54	.007	9.04 ± 28.97	12.89 ± 30.05	8.96 ± 34.74	.130	.754	.845

^aValues are mean ± SD.

^bIndicator generated from bioimpedance analysis based on the estimated amount of fat surrounding internal organs in the abdomen (normal range: 1–9).