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. 2018 Apr 1;5(2):175–189. doi: 10.1089/soro.2017.0012

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

Block diagram comparison between traditional actuator-sensor system and proposed proprioceptive actuator. (A) Traditional arrangement when feedback is necessary: a standalone actuator combined with a standalone sensor. (B) The proposed proprioceptive FFA concept through which the same working fluid performs both actuation and sensing tasks, reducing complexity and actuator-sensor system volume and mass. FFA, flexible fluidic actuator.