Fig 5.

(a) Percolation threshold, (b) size of jump for C-NoN, and (c) percolation threshold for M-NoN with two coupled SF networks with N = 10⁴, 〈k_out〉 = 1, the degree exponent γ = 2.5, and k_max = 100 for different α and β. High α and β region is robust against random failure for both C-NoN and M-NoN. When α < 0 or α > 0.5 and β > 0, NoN becomes stable against random failure. In contrast, when −0.5 < α < 0.5 and β < 0, NoN is vulnerable to catastrophic collapse. (d) β_gen obtained by a linear regression from realized networks at a given (α, β).