TABLE 1.
Cytokine, chemokine, protease, and growth factor profiles of media obtained from human OA cartilage and synovium cocultures in the presence and absence of synovial macrophages
| Category | Mediator | Media concentration (pg/ml)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 0 OA |
Day 15 OA |
Day 15 Mac depleted |
||
| Proinflammatory cytokines | IL-1α | 11.0 ± 6.1 | 21.9 ± 9.3 | 19.6 ± 2.2 |
| IL-1β | 22.0 ± 10.3 | 4.8 ± 3.2 | ND | |
| TNF-α | 376.6 ± 120.1 | 436.3 ± 158.2 | 319.7 ± 49.0 | |
| IL-6 | 2,000.0 ± 0.0 | 1,768.0 ± 158.1 | 1,548.0 ± 277.0 | |
| IL-8 | 685.7 ± 39.0 | 600.1 ± 38.9 | 537.9 ± 117.9 | |
|
| ||||
| Chemokines | MCP-1 | 277.2 ± 14.4 | 256.4 ± 14.0 | 239.6 ± 25.8 |
| CCL-5/RANTES | 27.0 ± 6.1 | 39.0 ± 14.1 | 23.5 ± 8.1 | |
| GM-CSF | 48.0 ± 18.0 | 19.4 ± 8.7 | 28.9 ± 18.3 | |
| MIP-1α | 52.2 ± 7.1 | 32.5 ± 4.9* | 8.34 ± 2.5** | |
| MIP-1β | 378.4 ± 58.6 | 208.1 ± 42.2* | 7.9 ± 1.2** | |
|
| ||||
| Proteases | MMP-9 | 3,100.0 ± 1,141.0 | 23,204.0 ± 7,533.0* | 4,310.0 ± 2,660.0 |
| MMP-13 | 214.0 ± 103.0 | 1,428.0 ± 328.0* | 24.2 ± 0.3** | |
| ADAMTS-4 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | N/A | |
|
| ||||
| Anti-inflammatory cytokines | IL-2 | 6.1 ± 3.3 | 4.7 ± 3.1 | 37.3 ± 16.4** |
| IL-4 | N/D | N/D | N/D | |
| IL-10 | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 0.3* | 1.58 ± 0.5 | |
| IL-13 | 7.9 ± 1.3 | 2.9 ± 0.9* | 1.36 ± 0.9 | |
|
| ||||
| Growth factors | VEGF | 4,000.0 ± 0.0 | 3,020.0 ± 363.4* | 3,817.0 ± 137.3 |
Note. OA = osteoarthritis; IL = interleukin; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; MMP = matrix metalloproteinase; ADAMTS = a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs; MIP = macrophage inflammatory protein; CCL = C–C motif chemokine ligand; RANTES = regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; GM-CSF = granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; ND = not detected; N/A = study group not analysed.
Indicates statistical difference compared with Day 0 OA group (p < .05).
Indicates statistical difference compared with Day 15 OA group (p < .05).