Table 2.
Diabetes and risk of HCC in women (1980–2012) and men (1986–2012) in pooled NHS and HPFS cohorts (n=150,652)
| No Diabetes | Diabetes | |
|---|---|---|
| Women | ||
|
| ||
| Cases/Person-years | 44/3,173,654 | 25/212,578 |
| Age-adjusted HR (95%CI) | 1 | 5.80 (3.49–9.64) |
| Model 2‡; (95%CI) | 1 | 5.61 (3.33–9.45) |
| Model 3§; HR (95%CI) | 1 | 5.49 (3.16–9.51) |
|
| ||
| Men | ||
|
| ||
| Cases/Person-years | 31/1,018,938 | 12/83,239 |
| Age-adjusted HR (95%CI) | 1 | 3.42 (1.74–6.72) |
| Model 2‡; (95%CI) | 1 | 3.28 (1.65–6.50) |
| Model 3§; HR (95%CI) | 1 | 3.34 (1.64–6.78) |
|
| ||
| Pooled | ||
|
| ||
| Cases/Person-years | 75/4,192,592 | 37/295,818 |
| Age-adjusted HR (95%CI) | 1 | 4.77 (3.18–7.14) |
| Model 2‡; (95%CI) | 1 | 4.59 (3.04–6.92) |
| Model 3§; HR (95%CI) | 1 | 4.59 (2.98–7.07) |
Abbreviations: HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; PY, person-years; HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, confidence interval
Model 2 = age, race (white vs. non-white) and body mass index (continuous kg/m2), assessed as a time-dependent covariate. The combined analysis was additionally adjusted for sex.
Model 3 = Model 2 + alcohol intake (0 – 4.9 g/day, 5–14.9 g/day, ≥15 g/day), smoking status (current vs. prior vs. never), physical activity (< 3 metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours/week, 3 to 8.9 MET-hours/week, ≥ 9 MET-hours/week), regular aspirin use (non-use vs. use of at least 2 aspirin tablets per week), and family history of diabetes (no vs. yes). The combined analysis was additionally adjusted for sex.