Table 2. The clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics according to PD-L1/P53 expression status.

Characteristics (n)	PD-L1 expression in TCs				P53 expression
	Positive (≥5%) (n=44)	Negative (<5%) (n=23)	Pa		Positive (≥10%) (n=34)	Negative (<10%) (n=33)	Pa
Age (mean ± SD, years)	51.21±9.60	54.11±10.61	0.18		50.90±9.72	54.15±10.21	0.2
Gender
Female	21	15	0.2		17	19	0.63
Male	23	8			17	14
Smoking status
Smokers	13	4	0.38		10	7	0.58
Nonsmokers	31	19			24	26
Tumor location
Left lobe	18	11	0.47		15	14	0.86
Right lobe	26	12			19	19
Tumor stage
T1	5	6	0.17		4	7	0.33
T2	36	14			28	22
T3	3	3			2	4
Nodal stage
N0	18	6	0.49		15	9	0.33
N1	9	6			6	9
N2	17	11			13	15
TNM stage
I	18	5	0.21		14	9	0.8
II	9	7			8	8
IIIa	17	11			12	16
P53 expression
Positive	29	5	<0.001		–	–	–
Negative	15	18
PD-L1 expression in TCs
Positive	–	–	–		29	15	<0.001
Negative					5	18
PD-L1 expression in TILs
Positive	24	13	0.88		17	20	0.38
Negative	20	10			17	13

^a, the P value less than 0.05 was defined as significantly difference in statistical analysis. PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1; P53, human tumor protein 53; TCs, tumor cells; TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.