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. 2018 Apr 18;9:1532. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03915-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — PVAX promoted DC maturation and induced immune response in vitro and in vivo. a Transwell co-culture set-up for inducing dendritic cell (DC) maturation in vitro. b PVAX-induced DC maturation (CD11c⁺CD80⁺CD86⁺) in vitro, the vaccines was illuminated with 808 nm laser for 2.0 min at a photodensity of 2.0 W/cm². Unpaired student’s t-test (two-tailed) was used for comparison between two groups. ***p < 0.01. Data represent mean ± s.d. (n = 3). c Photothermal effect of FK@IQ-4T1 vaccine in vivo. d The frequency of mature DCs (CD11c⁺CD80⁺CD86⁺) in draining LNs of BALB/c mice upon different treatments. Data represent mean ± s.d. (n = 3). e, g Serum concentrations of e TNF-α, f IFN-γ, and g IL-6 examined at the desired time points post treatment. h The frequency of serum CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells examined 3 days post the indicated treatments. Unpaired student’s t-test (two-tailed) was used for comparison between two groups. ***p < 0.01. Data represent mean ± s.d. (n = 3)