Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival in PDAC patients (n = 134)

Variables	Characteristics	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
		HR	95% CI	p value	HR	95% CI	p value
Age	<60 (ref)
	≥60	0.920	0.615–1.378	0.687
Gender	Female (ref)
	Male	0.948	0.629–1.428	0.797
Differentiation	Well (ref)
	Moderate	0.951	0.537–1.685	0.863
	Poor	1.701	0.868–3.335	0.122
TNM stage	I (ref)
	II	1.491	0.853–2.606	0.161	0.994	0.531–1.859	0.984
	III	2.596	1.458–4.621	0.001**	1.823	0.963–3.449	0.065
	IV	3.976	2.064–7.659	<0.001***	2.252	1.100–4.609	0.026*
Lymph node metastasis	Negative (ref)
	Positive	2.601	1.640–4.123	<0.001***	1.950	1.193–3.187	0.008**
Perineural invasion	Negative (ref)
	Positive	1.543	0.976–2.438	0.063
VCAM-1 expression	Low (ref)
	Moderate	3.680	1.965–6.891	<0.001***	2.332	1.152–4.772	0.019*
	High	5.448	2.930–10.130	<0.001***	2.948	1.445–6.014	0.003**
CCL18 expression	Low (ref)
	Moderate	2.585	1.340–4.985	0.005**	1.721	0.839–3.532	0.139
	High	4.523	2.296–8.910	<0.001***	2.267	1.080–4.762	0.031*

HR hazard ratio; 95% CI 95% confidence interval; TNM tumor node metastasis; T stage tumor stage; ref reference

Cox regression analysis, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001