Table 2.

Other emerging nutraceuticals and their potential benefits.

Nutraceutical	Summary of findings	Ref
Allicin	Attenuated atherosclerosis in mouse model systems. Garlic supplementation in human trials produced short-term reduction in plasma levels of LDL, total cholesterol and TG	113–114
Berberine	Reduced plaque size, inflammation and oxidative stress in ApoE deficient mice. Decreased plasma levels of total cholesterol and LDL in human studies	115–119
Butyrate	Reduced atherosclerosis and oxidative stress in ApoE deficient mice	101, 102
Carnosine	No changes in serum cholesterol and CRP levels or blood pressure in humans. Reduced vascular inflammation and foam cell formation, as well as a decrease in serum TG levels in ApoE deficient mice	121–124
Coenzyme Q10	Attenuated atherosclerosis in ApoE deficient mice and promoted cholesterol efflux and endothelial function in human subjects	127–129
Curcumin	Multiple anti-atherogenic actions in mouse model systems and decreased C-reactive protein levels in human studies	66–68
Lycopene	Reduced levels of LDL and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human subjects	125, 126
Phytosterols	Attenuated atherosclerosis in mouse model systems and reduced plasma LDL in human subjects	130–134, 136–137