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. 2018 Apr 18;8:6147. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24587-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Normal force vs. time in OSD and TSD with different detaching velocities. (a) curve in OSD, totally detaching and a loading displacement of 200 μm at different detaching velocities v (diameter D = 4.8 mm); (b) curve in TSD, first detaching displacement of 175 μm and a loading displacement of 200 μm with different detaching velocities v (diameter D = 4.8 mm).