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. 2018 Apr 18;9(5):444. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-0473-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a The qPCR analysis showed that the expression levels of the RPC differentiation-related markers, including β3-tubulin, rhodopsin, recoverin, Brn3a and calbindin, were elevated in RA-treated RPC cultures. b-e The results of the western blot revealed that β3-tubulin, rhodopsin, recoverin and Brn3a were upregulated in RA-treated RPC cultures compared with the control. The western blot was scanned and normalized to β-actin. f-h Immunochemistry showed that the percentages of β3-tubulin- and recoverin-positive cells in RA group were significantly higher than those in control group. i-k According to the qPCR and western blot, the expression levels of nestin and Pax-6 were repressed in the RA-treated RPC cultures. Scale bars: 50 μm. Data are the averages of three independent experiments. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of the mean. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01 (Student’s t-test)