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. 2018 Apr 18;9(5):444. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-0473-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — a The results of the CCK-8 analysis showed that RA induced RPC proliferation inhibition, and this trend could be partially rescued by the miR-29a inhibitor. b The qPCR analysis showed that the expression of Ki-67 was upregulated in RPCs treated with both RA and the miR-29a inhibitor compared with those only treated with RA. c The expression levels of RPC differentiation markers (β3-tubulin, rhodopsin and recoverin) were increased RA-treated RPC cultures (compared with control cultures), and miR-29a inhibitor partially reversed RA induced RPC differentiation markers upregulation. d Compared with RPCs only treated with RA, the expression levels of nestin and Pax-6 were upregulated in RPCs treated with both RA and the miR-29a inhibitor, according to the qPCR analysis. e A model of the role of REST mediated by RA in the regulation of RPC proliferation and differentiation. RA could directly degrade REST protein through the proteasome and indirectly suppress REST gene expression through the upregulation of miR-29a. Data are the averages of three independent experiments. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of the mean. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001 (Student’s t-test)