Table 2.

Factors associated with use of invasive mechanical ventilation in hospitalized sepsis patients.

Variable	Univariate analysis (OR, 95% CI)	p value	Multivariate analysis (OR, 95% CI)	p valuea
Baseline characteristics
Age categories (reference: 18–34 years)
35–64 years	1.40 (1.36–1.45)	<0.001	1.18 (1.14–1.22)	<0.001
65–84 years	1.22 (1.18–1.27)	<0.001	0.95 (0.93–1.02)	0.403
>85 years	0.64 (0.61–0.67)	<0.001	0.49 (0.47–0.52)	<0.001
Female (ref: Male)	0.82 (0.81–0.83)	<0.001	0.90 (0.88–0.91)	<0.001
Race: (reference: whites)
Black	1.23 (1.17–1.28)	<0.001	1.06 (1.01–1.10)	0.009
Hispanic	1.15 (1.09–1.22)	<0.001	1.08 (1.03–1.15)	0.004
Others	1.30 (1.24–1.38)	<0.001	1.25 (1.18–1.31)	<0.001
Morbid obesity	1.28 (1.24–1.31)	<0.001	1.37 (1.31–1.42)	<0.001
Charlson comorbidity index	1.16 (1.14–1.18)	<0.001	1.08 (1.06–1.09)	<0.001
Hospital location and teaching status (reference: Rural hospital)
Urban non-teaching	1.78 (1.62–1.95)	<0.001	1.56 (1.42–1.71)	<0.001
Urban teaching	2.34 (2.12–2.57)	<0.001	1.86 (1.69–2.04)	<0.001
Electrolyte imbalances:
Hyponatremia	1.23 (1.20–1.26)	<0.001	0.98 (0.96–1.004)	0.10
Hypernatremia	3.05 (2.94–3.17)	<0.001	2.26 (2.16–2.36)	<0.001
Hypokalaemia	0.94 (0.91–0.97)	<0.001	0.94 (0.91–0.97)	<0.001
Hyperkalaemia	1.72 (1.67–1.77)	<0.001	1.12 (1.09–1.16)	<0.001

^aBold implies significant p values in multivariate analyses.