Table 3.
Clinical trials with mRNA vaccines against cancer
| Sponsoring institution | Vaccine type (route of administration) | Targets | Trial numbers (phase) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antwerp University Hospital | DC EP with TAA mRNA (i.d. or NA) | AML | • NCT00834002 (I) • NCT01686334 (II) |
• Completed206,207 • Recruiting |
| AML, CML, multiple myeloma | NCT00965224 (II) | Unknown | ||
| Multiple solid tumours | NCT01291420 (I/II) | Unknown208 | ||
| Mesothelioma | NCT02649829 (I/II) | Recruiting | ||
| Glioblastoma | NCT02649582 (I/II) | Recruiting | ||
| Argos Therapeutics | DC EP with autologous tumour mRNA with or without CD40L mRNA (i.d. or NA) | Renal cell carcinoma | • NCT01482949 (II) • NCT00678119 (II) • NCT00272649 (I/II) • NCT01582672 (III) • NCT00087984 (I/II) |
• Ongoing • Completed209 • Completed; results NA • Ongoing • Completed; results NA |
| Pancreatic cancer | NCT00664482 (NA) | Completed; results NA | ||
| Asterias Biotherapeutics | DC loaded with TAA mRNA (NA) | AML | NCT00510133 (II) | Completed210 |
| BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH | Naked TAA or neo-Ag mRNA (i.nod.) | Melanoma | • NCT01684241 (I) • NCT02035956 (I) |
• Completed; results NA • Ongoing |
| Liposome-complexed TAA mRNA (i.v.) | Melanoma | NCT02410733 (I) | Recruiting59 | |
| Liposome-formulated TAA and neo-Ag mRNA (i.v.) | Breast cancer | NCT02316457 (I) | Recruiting | |
| CureVac AG | RNActive TAA mRNA (i.d.) | Non-small-cell lung cancer | • NCT00923312 (I/II) • NCT01915524 (I) |
• Completed211 • Terminated200 |
| Prostate cancer | • NCT02140138 (II) • NCT00831467 (I/II) • NCT01817738 (I/II) |
• Terminated • Completed151 • Terminated212 |
||
| Duke University | DC loaded with CMV Ag mRNA (i.d. or ing.) | Glioblastoma, malignant glioma | • NCT00626483 (I) • NCT00639639 (I) • NCT02529072 (I) • NCT02366728 (II) |
• Ongoing213 • Ongoing138,139 • Recruiting • Recruiting |
| DC loaded with autologous tumour mRNA (i.d.) | Glioblastoma | NCT00890032 (I) | Completed; results NA | |
| DC, matured, loaded with TAA mRNA (i.nod.) | Melanoma | NCT01216436 (I) | Terminated | |
| Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital | DC loaded with TAA mRNA (NA) | Glioblastoma | • NCT02808364 (I/II) • NCT02709616 (I/II) |
• Recruiting • Recruiting |
| Brain metastases | NCT02808416 (I/II) | Recruiting | ||
| Herlev Hospital | DC loaded with TAA mRNA (i.d.) | Breast cancer, melanoma | NCT00978913 (I) | Completed214 |
| Prostate cancer | NCT01446731 (II) | Completed215 | ||
| Life Research Technologies GmbH | DC, matured, loaded with TAA mRNA (NA) | Ovarian cancer | NCT01456065 (I) | Unknown |
| Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich | DC loaded with TAA and CMV Ag mRNA (i.d.) | AML | NCT01734304 (I/II) | Recruiting |
| MD Anderson Cancer Center | DC loaded with AML lysate and mRNA (NA) | AML | NCT00514189 (I) | Terminated |
| Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | DC (Langerhans) EP with TAA mRNA (i.d.) | Melanoma | NCT01456104 (I) | Ongoing |
| Multiple myeloma | NCT01995708 (I) | Recruiting | ||
| Oslo University Hospital | DC loaded with autologous tumour or TAA mRNA (i.d. or NA) | Melanoma | • NCT00961844 (I/II) • NCT01278940 (I/II) |
• Terminated • Completed216 |
| Prostate cancer | • NCT01197625 (I/II) • NCT01278914 (I/II) |
• Recruiting • Completed; results NA |
||
| Glioblastoma | NCT00846456 (I/II) | Completed217 | ||
| Ovarian cancer | NCT01334047 (I/II) | Terminated | ||
| Radboud University | DC EP with TAA mRNA (i.d. and i.v. or i.nod) | Colorectal cancer | NCT00228189 (I/II) | Completed218 |
| Melanoma | • NCT00929019 (I/II) • NCT00243529 (I/II) • NCT00940004 (I/II) • NCT01530698 (I/II) • NCT02285413 (II) |
• Terminated • Completed219,220 • Completed220,221 • Completed144,220,221 • Completed; results NA |
||
| Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel | DC EP with TAA and TriMix mRNA (i.d. and i.v.) | Melanoma | • NCT01066390 (I) • NCT01302496 (II) • NCT01676779 (II) |
• Completed137 • Completed140 • Completed; results NA |
| University Hospital Erlangen | DC, matured, loaded with autologous tumour RNA (i.v.) | Melanoma | NCT01983748 (III) | Recruiting |
| University Hospital Tübingen | Autologous tumour mRNA with GM-CSF protein (i.d. and s.c.) | Melanoma | NCT00204516 (I/II) | Completed222 |
| Protamine-complexed TAA mRNA with GM-CSF protein (i.d. and s.c.) | Melanoma | NCT00204607 (I/II) | Completed150 | |
| University of Campinas, Brazil | DC loaded with TAA mRNA (NA) | AML, myelodysplastic syndromes | NCT03083054 (I/II) | Recruiting |
| University of Florida | RNActive* TAA mRNA (i.d.) | Prostate cancer | NCT00906243 (I/II) | Terminated |
| DC loaded with CMV Ag mRNA with GM-CSF protein (i.d.) | Glioblastoma, malignant glioma | NCT02465268 (II) | Recruiting |
The table summarizes the clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as of 5 May 2017. Ag, antigen; AML, acute myeloid leukaemia; CD40L, CD40 ligand; CML, chronic myeloid leukaemia; CMV, cytomegalovirus; DC, dendritic cell; EP, electroporated; GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor; i.d., intradermal; ing., inguinal injection; i.nod., intranodal injection; i.v., intravenous; NA, not available; neo-Ag, personalized neoantigen; s.c., subcutaneous; TAA, tumour-associated antigen.
*
Developed by CureVac AG.