Table 2.

Summary of Intervention Strategies and Findings on Linkage to Care Outcomes (6 Findings)

Study Name	First Author (Year)	Intervention Strategies	Findings	Significance and Evidence?
ARTAS	Gardner (2005) [60]	Identify and address client needsd Encourage contact with an HIV medical care providerg Accompany to medical and other appointmentsa Build a relationship with the clientg Identify internal strengths and develop resourcesg	Measure: % newly diagnosed participants visited HIV clinician at least once in past 6 months Between-group Comparison:78% vs. 60% (intervention vs. control); adjusted Relative Risk = 1.36, p =.0005	Yes; Tier I
ARTAS II	Craw (2008) [58]	Identify and address client needsd Encourage contact with an HIV medical care providerg Accompany to medical and other appointmentsa Build a relationship with a clientg Identify internal strengths and develop resourcesg	Measure: % newly diagnosed participants received care from a HIV care provider during past 6 months Post-data: 79%	Yes, Tier III
California Bridge Project	Molitor (2006) [62]	Accompany to medical and other appointmentsa Referrals to services to services such as support groups, benefits counseling, drug or alcohol treatment, and medical services at an early intervention projectd,e Transport clients to agenciesh	Measure % participants were linked to HIV medical care at 15 months post baseline Post-data: 29%	Indeterminatei
HRSA-SPNS MSM of Color	Hightow-Weidman (2011) [52](7 sites)	Increase youth self-efficacy to enter and remain in culturally and developmentally appropriate HIV primary careg Clinic appointment remindersc Case finding for patients who missed appointments (telephone calls, texts, emails, home visits)c Transportationh	Measure: % newly diagnosed participants who were linked to HIV care within 90 days of diagnosis Post-data: 87%	Yes, Tier III
HRSA-SPNS Outreach	Naar-King (2007) [63]	Offer support to address stigmag Refer patients to subspecialty cared Offer intensive outreach to offer HIV education and supportf	Measure: % newly diagnosed participants had a medical appointment in past 6 months Post-Data: 92%	Yes, Tier III
HRSA-SPNS Outreach Initiative	Coleman (2009) [57]	Face-to-face meetings with the participants to inquire about their well-being and progress in obtaining services and reaching their goalsg Appointment coordinationc Service coordinationd Provide concrete services to meet subsistence needs (food, clothing, housing, transportation, harm reduction supplies)b,h Address health care needsd Accompany client to appointmenta Counselingg Provide HIV/risk reduction educationg Provide program informationg Health care referralsd Outreachf	Measure: % newly diagnosed participants had at least one HIV primary care visit at 6 months Post-data: 90% had an visit	Yes, Tier III

ARTAS = Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study

BRIGHT = Bridges to Good Health and Treatment

HRSA SPNS Outreach = HRSA SPNS Outreach Initiative

HRSA SPNS MSM of Color = HRSA SPNS Outreach, Care, and Prevention to Engage HIV Seropositive Young MSM of Color

INSPIRE = Interventions for Seropositive Injectors—Research and Evaluation

Intervention Strategies

^a= Accompany to appointments

^b= Ancillary services

^c= Appointment coordination/reminders/follow-up if appointment missed

^d= Case management

^e= Co-location of services

^f= Outreach

^g= Counseling and psychosocial support strategies (e.g., counseling, relationship building, providing knowledge, emotional support)

^h= Transportation

Findings

ⁱ= post data only and Marks’ meta-analysis estimate for linkage cannot apply as study participants were not newly diagnosed patients