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. 2014 Jan 5;13(3):143–152. doi: 10.1007/s12522-013-0175-8

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on progesterone (P)‐enhanced hyperactivation. It shows an overview of effects of P and DES on the percentage of hyperactivation (a) and detailed percentages of hyperactivation after incubation for 1 and 1.5 h (b). Spermatozoa were exposed to 20 ng/mL P after exposure to 2 pg/mL to 20 ng/mL DES for 5 min. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. In all graphs, “Vehicle” refers to mTALP medium + 0.2 % ethanol. “20 ng/mL P” is vehicle + 20 ng/mL P. P + all concentrations of DES are vehicle + 20 ng/mL P + respective concentration of DES. *Significant difference compared with “Vehicle” (P < 0.05). **Significant difference compared with “20 ng/mL P” (P < 0.05)