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. 2014 Jan 5;13(3):143–152. doi: 10.1007/s12522-013-0175-8

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Effects of 17β‐estradiol (E) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) on progesterone (P)‐enhanced hyperactivation when spermatozoa were exposed to P after exposure to E, DES or a mixture of them for 5 min. Each experimental condition is shown in Table 2. It shows an overview of effects of P, E, DES and the mixture on the percentage of hyperactivation (a, c, e) and details of significant effects (b, d, f). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. In all graphs, “Vehicle” refers to mTALP medium + 0.3 % ethanol. “20 ng/mL P” is vehicle + 20 ng/mL P. In a and b, “P + E (2 pg/mL)”, “P + DES (2 pg/mL)” and “P + mixture of E and DES” are vehicle + 20 ng/mL P + 2 pg/mL E, vehicle + 20 ng/mL P + 2 pg/mL DES and vehicle + 20 ng/mL P + a mixture of 2 pg/mL E and 2 pg/mL DES. In c and d, “P + E (20 pg/mL)”, “P + DES (2 pg/mL)” and “P + mixture of E and DES” are vehicle + 20 ng/mL P + 20 pg/mL E, vehicle + 20 ng/mL P + 2 pg/mL DES and vehicle + 20 ng/mL P + a mixture of 20 pg/mL E and 2 pg/mL DES. In e and f, “P + E (20 pg/mL)”, “P + DES (20 pg/mL)” and “P + mixture of E and DES” are vehicle + 20 ng/mL P + 20 pg/mL E, vehicle + 20 ng/mL P + 20 pg/mL DES and vehicle + 20 ng/mL P + a mixture of 20 pg/mL E and 20 pg/mL DES. *Significant difference compared with “Vehicle” (P < 0.05). **Significant difference compared with “20 ng/mL P” (P < 0.05)